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I have the following directory structure

books/java
books/java.ebooks
books/java.gwt
books/java.swing
books/javaee

I use this command to create an archive of all the directories starting with the letters a-m

tar czf books.a-m.no.AI.tgz --exclude=books/AI.and.algorithms --exclude=books/[N-Z]* --exclude=books/[n-z]* books

The .tgz archive that gets created does not contain the java.swing/ directory.

Am I missing something in my use of tar or is this a bug in cygwin?

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The issue was that the java.swing/ directory is empty. Apparently cygwin tar silently omits empty directories. There is nothing in the --help about empty directories either.

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