Directly coping between two different hardware platforms is theoretically possible (all you have to do is copy the files and install the bootloader) but rarely a good idea. I've done it successfully on several occasions, but I've also done it quit unsuccessfully on many more.
The problem is that when you install the OS, certain optimizations and other decisions are sometimes made based on the type of hardware you're installing to. If you duplicate to exactly the same hardware, then no problem. If you duplicated to very different hardware, then perhaps you will have a problem. Going from a physical machine to a virtual machine is probably an example of "different hardware". It may or may not work. Most likely, it won't work initially, but if you really, really know what you're doing then you can tweak things around till it does work.
But if you did really really know what you were doing, then you probably wouldn't have asked if it was possible. So, by that logic, the answer then is probably no.
But if you're persistent enough, you might be able to turn it into a yes. What you're trying to do is often shortened as "physical to virtual" or "P2V" for short (or even shorter). There's no shortage of opinion on the subject and lots and lots of people giving conflicting instructions on how to do it. So for further information, I'll defer to the mighty Google.
VBoxManage convertfromraw
dd
to make a drive image, see howtogeek.com/howto/19446/…