in router status it shows not public IP but ip taken from provider NAT, you are right(Orange GN, sim card).
Because you're behind provider NAT (aka CGNAT), there's a very high possibility that it's "1-to-many" NAT – i.e. the public IP address is shared between several customers and the ISP is unable to forward any inbound packets to any specific customer.
In such case, lack of ping response would be normal. (Maybe you're pinging the provider's CGNAT gateway and it's configured to not respond, or maybe you're pinging a "virtual" IP address that only exists in the NAT pool but has not been assigned to a physical device.)
Even if provider NAT weren't an issue, some cellular providers deliberately block all inbound connections if the customer hasn't ordered a static IP address.
But in the log of the router it shows that it updates noip record with public ip
The log message merely reports the public address that was seen by the DDNS service. External websites will always see you connecting from some public IP address – but that doesn't mean the address is exclusively yours.
But the strange is, that I tested such a connection but with another cellular provider (Telekom DE) and it was working somehow
Each ISP manages their network differently – it is possible that Telekom DE was using 1:1 CGNAT (which does allow incoming connections), and it's even possible that the provider wasn't using any CGNAT at all.