In my case it was settings being synced between machines via my Microsoft account.
I tried all sorts of fixes, including repairing Windows Store Apps, SFC, clearing icon and thumbnail cache files, etc. I tried switching the System > Advanced System Settings > Performance > Settings > Show thumbnails instead of icons. I tried Explorer > File > Change folder and search options > View > Always show icons, never thumbnails. I tried disabling the syncing of Other Windows settings under Settings > Accounts > Sync your settings.
The only way I was able to fix the issue was:
- Turn of settings syncing with your Microsoft account on all Windows installs. (Settings > Accounts > Sync your settings)
- Go to https://onedrive.live.com/win8personalsettingsprivacy and click the Remove button to delete the cloud copy of all settings
- Convert your Window account to a local user account, thereby unlinking it from your Microsoft account (Settings > Accounts click the Sign in with a local account instead link)
- Create a new Windows account on the machine, first as a local-only account so you can pick your username (Settings > Accounts > Family & other people then Add someone else to this PC).
- Log into the new account and go to Settings > Accounts to link it up to your Microsoft account
- Move settings and files from your old local account to the new account
- Remove your old local account