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Help:IPA/Cantonese

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The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Cantonese. Refer to {{IPAc-yue}} for a template converting Jyutping to IPA.

Key

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Initial consonants[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
f f [jɐt̚˥ ŋam˨˩ jɐt̚˥ fɐt̚˥] 一岩一
h h [lej˨˩ hɔŋ˨˩ lej˨˩ lat̚˨] 離迾
j j y[iii] [fɐt̚˨ tɔw˥ jɐw˨˧ fɔ˨˥] 佛都
k g [maj˨˧ siw˨˥ kin˧ siw˨˥] 買少
k [ɛ˨˩ ŋɐw˨˩ wɐn˨˥ ma˨˧] 牛揾馬
gw [mɔŋ˨ tʰin˥ ta˨˥ a˧] 望天打
kʷʰ kw [kʷʰɛn˨˩ maj˨˩]
l l [fat̚˧ lɔŋ˥ lɐj˨˥] 狼戾
m m [lɵɥ˨ jɐn˨˩ lɵɥ˨ mɐt̚˨] 累人累
n n [mej˨ jɐw˨˧ nɔj˨˥] 未有
ŋ ng [taj˨ ŋɔn˥ tsi˨˥ ji˨˧] 旨意
p b [tsa˧ sɔ˨˩ pan˨ mʊŋ˨˥] 詐傻
p [jɐt̚˥ ɔw˥ tsʰɪŋ˥ tɔj˨˥] 清袋
s[iv] s [lɔk̚˨ sɐw˨˥ lɔk̚˨ kœk̚˧] 落腳
t d [mɐn˥ tɔw˥ fɐn˧]
t [hɔw˨˥ hɔw˨˥ ɐj˨˥ ɐj˨˥] 好好睇睇
ts[v] z j [lin˨ tsɛŋ˥ hɔk̚˨ lan˨˧] 學懶
tsʰ[vi] c ch [mɔw˨˩ tsʰɪŋ˨˩ pak̚˨ si˨] 白事
w w [w tɐk̚˥ maj˨˩] 得埋
Vocalic finals[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
a aa a [ŋɔn˥ lɔk̚˨ tsʰa˨˩ fan˨] 安樂
aj[vii] aai [jɐn˨˩ sɐj˧ kʷɐj˨˥ taj˨] 人細鬼
aw[vii] aau [lɔw˨˧ maw˥ siw˥ sɔw˥] 燒鬚
ɛ e [fɔ˨˥ tsɛ˥ ŋan˨˧]
ej[vii] ei [lɐm˨˩ mej˨˧ hœŋ˥]
ɐj[vii] ai [tsɐt̚˨ tʰɐw˨˩ tsɐt̚˨ sɐj˧] 窒頭窒
ɐw[vii] au [ŋan˧ tsɐw˧]
i i [tɪŋ˨ si˨˩ tɪŋ˨ hɐw˨] 定候
iw[vii] iu [tiw˧ jɐn˨˧]
ɔ o [tsɔw˨ mɔ˨ sɐm˥]
œ oe eu [kœ˧ pʰa˨˥]
ɔj[vii] oi [pɔ˥ lɔ˨˩ kɔj˧] 菠蘿
ɔw[vii] ou [tsɔw˨ hɔw˨˥ tsɔw˨ tsʰɐw˨˥] 做好做
ɵɥ[viii][vii] eoi eui [jɐm˨˥ paw˨˥ sɪk̚˨ tsɵɥ˧] 飲飽食
u u [ku˥ mɐt̚˨ lɵn˨] 勿論
uj ui [muj˨˩ fa˥ kan˧ tsʊk̚˥] 花間竹
y yu [mɔk̚˥ kʷɔŋ˥ tsy˥] 剝光
Nasal finals[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
-m m [pun˨˥ tej˨ kœŋ˥ ˨˩ lat̚˨] 本地薑
am aam am˨˩ tsʰam˨˩] 岩巉
ɐm am [jɐm˨˥ tʰɐw˨˩ tam˨ tʰɔŋ˥] 頭啖湯
im im [tsim˥ hɔn˨˩ tsim˥ tʊŋ˧]
-n an aan [mej˨˩ tsɪŋ˥ ŋan˨˧ kʰej˨˧] 眉精
ɐn an [jɐw˨˧ mɐn˨˩ jɐw˨˧ lɔw˨] 有路
in in [lɐj˨˧ ji˥ pin˥] 禮衣
ɵn[viii] eon eun [nɐw˨˥ tsɵn˨ lʊk̚˨ jɐm˨˩] 六壬
ɔn on [fat̚˧ tsʰin˨˥ hɔn˨˩] 發錢
un un [mɔ˨˥ mun˨˩ tɛŋ˥]
yn yun [ŋan˨˧ jyn˥]
-ŋ ŋ̍ ng [ŋ̍˨˧ ŋ̍˨˧ pɔ˥] 五五
aŋ aang [h˨˩ tsʰa˥ tap̚˨ tsʰɔ˧] 差踏錯
ɐŋ ang [tsɐŋ˨ hɪŋ˧]
ɛŋ eng [fɐn˧ lɐj˨˥ kɛŋ˨˥] 瞓捩
ɪŋ ing [tsi˥ tsi˥ tsɪŋ˨˥ tsɪŋ˨˥] 姿姿整整
ɔŋ ong [mɔw˨˧ sɐm˥ tsɔŋ˥ tsɔj˧] 冇心裝
œŋ oeng eung [jim˨˩ mɛŋ˨ tsʰœŋ˨˩] 嫌命
ʊŋ ung [kan˧ tsʊŋ˥]
Checked finals[i]
IPA J Y Examples[ii]
- a aap [mɔw˨˧ tap̚˧ sap̚˧] 搭霎
ɐ ap [lɔk̚˨ jy˨˧ si˥ sɐp̚˥] 落雨斯
i ip [tip̚˨ maj˨˩ sɐm˥ sɵɥ˨˥] 埋心水
- a aat [lat̚˨ at̚˧] 邋遢
ɐ at [tɔŋ˨ sɐt̚˥ lɔw˨]
i it [pɔk̚˨ tsʰit̚˥ tsʰit̚˥] 切切
ɵ[viii] eot eut [tsɵt̚˥ tsi˥]
ɔ ot [hɔt̚˧ si˨˧]
u ut [ŋan˨˧ fut̚˧ tʰɔw˨˧ tsak̚˧] 肚窄
y yut [wat̚˨ lyt̚˥ lyt̚˥] 捋捋
- a aak [mej˨˩ tʰɐw˨˩ ŋan˨˧ ŋak̚˨] 眉頭眼
ɐ ak [jɐt̚˥ jɐt̚˨ tɔw˧ hɐk̚˥] 一日到
ɛ ek [mɔ˨˩ lan˨ tsɛk̚˨] 磨爛
ɪ ik [tɪk̚̚˥ hej˨˥ sɐm˥ kɔn˥] 起心肝
œ oek euk [tsɔw˨˥ tsɐw˨˥ tsɔw˨˥ tsœk̚˨] 早走早
ɔ ok [tɔw˨˥ tsʰin˨˥ lɔk̚˨ hɔj˨˥] 倒錢
ʊ uk [pʊk̚˨ ji˥ jɐn˥] 伊人
Tones[ix]
IPA Numeric
contours
Tonal
categories
J Y Examples[ii]
˥ 55 陰平 1 ū [tɪŋ˨˥ sɐm˥ tɪŋ˨˥ fɐj˧] 頂肺
˨˥ 25 陰上 2 ú [wɐj˥ sɵɥ˨˥ si˨˥] 水史
˧ 33 陰去 3 u [lʊŋ˥ lʊŋ˥ la˧ la˧] 窿窿罅罅
˨˩ 21 陽平 4 ùh [jim˨˩ tsʰin˨˥ sɛŋ˥] 錢腥
˨˧ 23 陽上 5 úh [mɔw˨˧ ŋa˨˧ tse˥ tʰɐw˨˩] 冇瓦遮頭
˨ 22 陽去 6 uh [wa˨ tʰɐw˨˩ sɪŋ˨˥ mej˨˧] 頭醒尾

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d This list of consonant inventories and vowel inventories are based on 香港粵語大詞典 (2018).[1] The transcriptions of vowels, consonants and tones in IPA, Jyutping (J) and Yale romanization (Y) are based on Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd ed. (2011)[2] and 香港粵語大詞典 (2018).
  2. ^ a b c d e Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary examples are drawn from 香港粵語大詞典 (2018).[3]
  3. ^ Omitted when it precedes the nucleus [y].
  4. ^ [s] appears as [ʃ] in other sources.[1][2]
  5. ^ [ts] appears as [] in other sources.[1][2]
  6. ^ [tsʰ] appears as [tʃʰ] in other sources.[1][2]
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i The gliding non-syllables may be less explicitly transcribed with syllables, such that the non-syllabic [j] represented as syllabic [i], [w] as [u], and [ɥ] as [y].
  8. ^ a b c [ɵ] appears as [ø] in other sources.[1][2]
  9. ^ The so-called 7th, 8th and 9th tones are not officially marked as such in Jyutping (J)[2] and Yale romanization (Y).[1] They are officially marked as the 1st, 3rd and 6th tones respectively.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g 張勵妍; 倪列懷; 潘禮美 (2018). 香港粵語大詞典. Hong Kong: 天地圖書. p. 648-650.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Matthews, Stephen; Yip, Virginia (2011). Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd edition. New York: Routledge. p. 461-463.
  3. ^ 張勵妍; 倪列懷; 潘禮美 (2018). 香港粵語大詞典. Hong Kong: 天地圖書. p. 41-622.

See also

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