Pope Francis’s chief of staff has become one of the highest-ranking Holy See officials to testify in a foreign court, giving a British tribunal a detailed explanation of the negotiations at the heart of the Vatican’s “trial of the century”.
Archbishop Edgar Peña Parra was called to testify on Thursday on behalf of the Vatican secretariat of state in a British civil proceeding brought against the Vatican by an Italian-British financier who was involved in the transactions over a London property.
Raffaele Mincione is seeking to clear his name in the British courts after he was convicted by a Vatican criminal tribunal last year for his role in the Vatican’s €350m (US$375m) investment in the former Harrods warehouse. He is asking the British high court to declare he acted “in good faith”.
The London case, believed to be the first time the Holy See has been put on trial in a foreign court, is part of the collateral damage that the Vatican has incurred in deciding to prosecute 10 people for a range of financial crimes surrounding its money-losing London investment.
Vatican prosecutors accused Mincione and others of fleecing the Holy See of tens of millions in euros in fees and commissions. Another London broker, Gianluigi Torzi, was accused of then extorting the Vatican for €15m to cede control of the building. They were both convicted by the Vatican court, along with seven others including a cardinal, and are appealing.
In his written opening statement in London, Peña Parra provided a detailed play-by-play of the frenzied meetings, WhatsApp messages and negotiations in late 2018 when the property changed hands from a fund controlled by Mincione to a holding company controlled by Torzi.
The Holy See had engineered that transaction after it lost faith in Mincione and decided to entrust the property to Torzi’s management. Vatican prosecutors say Torzi, however, hoodwinked the Vatican and assumed all the voting shares in the company for himself.
Torzi, Mincione and the other defendants in the Vatican trial argued the Holy See was perfectly aware of the risks of its investment and understood the terms of the transactions, which they said were approved by top officials including Pope Francis.
Peña Parra barely mentioned Mincione in his written statement, since he joined the Vatican as “substitute” in the secretariat of state only in October 2018, a month before the property passed to Torzi.
His written statement deposited with the court focused instead on the role of his deputy, who oversaw the entire investment. Monsignor Alberto Perlasca headed the administrative office that proposed and approved the original investment with Mincione in 2013; Perlasca then signed the contracts giving Torzi control of the property five years later.
Perlasca’s fate has been one of the lingering anomalies of the London saga. He was never prosecuted for his role in the deal, whereas his underlings and bosses were, and he reportedly has resumed working as prosecutor in the Holy See’s highest ecclesial court, the Apostolic Signatura.
It is an unusual outcome given evidence that emerged during the Vatican trial that Perlasca had acted without authorisation in signing the contracts with Torzi and then was coached, manipulated and threatened by two mysterious women to change his story once Vatican prosecutors began investigating.
Some defence lawyers suspect that Perlasca or the women have incriminating evidence against Vatican figures and are using that information to ensure Perlasca escapes unscathed. Mincione’s lawyers noted that the Vatican did not make Perlasca available for the London trial, where he would have been subject to cross-examination.
Peña Parra’s testimony made clear that he only learned from Perlasca of the existence of the London investment only on 22 November 2018, the same day Perlasca signed the contracts with Torzi without authority.
“I had put trust in the officials of the administrative office, and I had never expected this kind of conduct. I felt betrayed,” he said in his prepared statement.
By December, Peña Parra realised the Holy See had essentially acquired an “empty box”, since Torzi controlled the building, and was weighing whether to sue Torzi or negotiate an exit strategy to get control of the property. The Vatican’s lawyers advised against litigation, since the outcome was uncertain and given Perlasca’s signed contracts.
He said Pope Francis “asked me to keep two things in mind: namely that we should try to lose the least amount possible and that we had to leave this business behind us and start over,” Peña Parra said.
He said during a private meeting with the pope on 26 December “it was agreed” that the Vatican would propose buying out Torzi’s voting shares for £1-£2m so it could have full control of the building. Torzi eventually demanded and received €15m – a payment that became the basis for his extortion conviction.