Histology of Esophagus The esophagus, like other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, is made up of a mucosa, a submucosa, a muscularis externa, and an adventitia. The mucosa is subdivided into epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. The epithelium that lines the lumen of the esophagus is stratified squamous epithelium, which is continuous with the epithelial lining of the pharynx. The surface cells of this epithelium are flattened and contain a few keratohyaline granules, but do…