Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
In this triple-arm, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with the anti-PD-L1 benmelstobart, tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib and chemotherapy (CT) showed improved survival outcomes compared with anlotinib and CT or CT alone.
Preliminary findings in seven patients with mismatch repair-proficient metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated in the context of a phase 2 trial show that adoptive transfer of autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes that were retrovirally transduced with personalized neoantigen-reactive T cell receptors can be safe and induce early clinical responses.
Changes in lipidome profiles, as reflected by improvements in dietary fat quality from saturated to unsaturated fats, were associated with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk, and high-risk populations with unhealthy lipidome profiles would most benefit from an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet.
In a post-approval study including more than 17,000 patients on the safety of pulsed field ablation, a new method for treatment of atrial fibrillation, the procedure was found to have a low rate of adverse events but was associated with some unexpected rare complications that will need further study.
In an interim analysis, an artificial intelligence model was nearly four times more efficient in terms of cancers detected per number of magnetic resonance imaging tests, compared to traditional breast density measures used in a previous clinical trial.
In a Bayesian adaptive randomized trial comparing various metronomic chemotherapy regimens versus conventional chemotherapy plus anti-PD-1 in women with HER2-negative breast cancer, a metronomic chemotherapy-based regimen appears to be clinically effective, with evidence that on-treatment immune changes may be trackable for assessing response.
In a re-analysis of a cluster-randomized trial on malaria-control measures, the combined intervention reduces infections up to 3 km from the point of intervention, increasing efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
Using a curated dataset of 2,400 cases and a framework to simulate a realistic clinical setting, current large language models are shown to incur substantial pitfalls when used for autonomous clinical decision-making.
Drawing on 51,269 participants across 9 independent, geographically diverse datasets, an AI model identifies the etiologies contributing to dementia in individuals, harnessing a broad array of data, including demographics, medical history, medication use, neuropsychological assessments, functional evaluations, and multimodal neuroimaging.
A multimodal analysis of patients with 22 different immune-mediated monogenic diseases versus matched healthy controls leads to the development of the immune health metric, which could be implemented broadly to predict responses to aging, vaccination and other immune perturbations.
A natural experiment reports that US healthcare systems have substantial adaptability but only a moderate level of resilience to disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In a randomized phase 3 trial, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 plus either paclitaxel and cisplatin or nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin elicited a significantly superior pathological complete response rate versus neoadjuvant paclitaxel and cisplatin alone in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
In a phase 2 randomized control trial, intermittent senolytic therapy administered to postmenopausal women did not result in a reduction in the bone resorption marker, serum CTx, compared to control at 20 weeks.
In a cohort of 281 children with diagnosed or suspected cancer presenting to the NHS, implementing routine whole-genome sequencing provided clinical benefit in 29% of cases and led to change in management in 7% of patients.
Enabled by augmented muscle afferents, a bionic leg under continuous neural control restores biomimetic adaptations to various walking speeds, terrains and perturbations.
Disparities in mortality attributable to PM2.5 air pollution was more pronounced by race/ethnicity than other sociodemographic factors such as education, rurality and social vulnerability index, according to population estimates using US Census data.
A multi-modal analysis of pre-metastatic liver biopsies from patients with localized pancreatic cancer with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up shows that immunological, proliferative and metabolomic features distinguish patients who develop metastases from disease-free survivors and can be used to predict outcomes.
In this phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with anti-PD-1 finotonlimab plus cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (C5F) prolonged overall survival compared with placebo plus C5F.
When tested across tasks, diseases and imaging modalities, the performance of AI models depends on encoding of demographic shortcuts, and correcting for them decreases their ability to generalize in new populations.