Leftover, even if powder, won't pose much of a hazard to the rest of the solar system if you just drop it in place. It requires a significant input of energy to change its orbit and move it closer or farther from the sun.
Unless the powder is so fine as to be blown by radiation pressure or solar wind (think cigarette smoke particle size), just place it back on an asteroid and it will stay there.
It won’t pose a hazard locally if you don’t come around and kick up the pile. Place it down carefully rather than spewing it out, and it will stay where you placed it.