This error started showing up after having installed the Nvidia proprietary drivers and restarted my computer.
I cannot get past it except by rebooting, going into the boot options, and then choosing Linux 5.15.0-41-generic.
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 476.94 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk model: HFM512GD3JX013N
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F48ABFC7-7FE3-4420-9066-CE3173A5459F
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1050624 1000214527 999163904 476.4G Linux filesystem