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Consider the following:

echo "hello" > file.txt
is_match1 () { 
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  if [ -z "$m" ]; then
    return 1
  fi
}
is_match2 () {
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  test -z "$m" && return 1
}
is_match1 "hello"
echo "$?"
0
is_match2 "hello"
echo "$?"
1

Why does is_match2 return 1?

Consider the following:

echo "hello" > file.txt
is_match1 () {
  local m
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  if [ -z "$m" ]; then
    return 1
  fi
}
is_match2 () {
  local m
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  test -z "$m" && return 1
}
is_match1 "hello"
echo "$?"
0
is_match2 "hello"
echo "$?"
1

Why does is_match2 return 1?

Consider the following:

echo "hello" > file.txt
is_match1 () { 
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  if [ -z "$m" ]; then
    return 1
  fi
}
is_match2 () {
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  test -z "$m" && return 1
}
is_match1 "hello"
echo "$?"
0
is_match2 "hello"
echo "$?"
1

Why does is_match1 and is_match2 return different exit statuses?

Consider the following:

echo "hello" > file.txt
is_match1 () { 
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  if [ -z "$m" ]; then
    return 1
  fi
}
is_match2 () {
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  test -z "$m" && return 1
}
is_match1 "hello"
echo "$?"
0
is_match2 "hello"
echo "$?"
1

Why does is_match2 return 1?

Consider the following:

echo "hello" > file.txt
is_match1 () { 
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  if [ -z "$m" ]; then
    return 1
  fi
}
is_match2 () {
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  test -z "$m" && return 1
}
is_match1 "hello"
echo "$?"
0
is_match2 "hello"
echo "$?"
1

Why does is_match2 return 1?

Consider the following:

echo "hello" > file.txt
is_match1 () { 
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  if [ -z "$m" ]; then
    return 1
  fi
}
is_match2 () {
  m=$(cat "file.txt" | grep -F "$1")
  test -z "$m" && return 1
}
is_match1 "hello"
echo "$?"
0
is_match2 "hello"
echo "$?"
1

Why does is_match1 and is_match2 return different exit statuses?