Norbis Travel in Thessaloniki is one option (Lonely Planet suggests there are others)
Telephone: 2310287721
The bus does not depart from a regular Thessaloniki bus station but from Makedonikis Aminis 7.
It goes only once per week on Mondays at 7:30 am.
The price is € 120.
The trip takes 36 hours from Thessaloniki.
(I will keep the bounty open since I still think there are apparently other possibilities besides this and I would also like to include the info for Athens)