The critical connection between physical inactivity and fertility in India

India, known for its rich cultural tapestry and history is witnessing a population boom. However, amidst this rise, a concerning trend has emerged: growing infertility rates in both men and women. Historically, India has had a high fertility rate but modern lifestyle, delayed childbearing due to career pursuits, environmental and other factors are attributed to increasing infertility among couples.Among these changes, physical inactivity stands out as a critical factor, affecting most Indians.
India's population is becoming less physically active as a result of the country's fast urbanization, rapid technological development, and shifting lifestyles. There has been a noticeable change towards sedentary behavior as a result of many people not reaching prescribed levels of physical exercise. This has important implications for public health, especially with regard to reproduction.

1. Obesity and weight-related issues: Physical inactivity often leads to obesity, a well-documented risk factor for infertility. Excessive weight disrupts hormonal balance, affecting ovulation in women and sperm production in men. In women, obesity can lead to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which causes irregular menstrual cycles and anovulation. In men, it can result in lower testosterone levels and poor sperm quality.

2. Hormonal imbalances: Physical inactivity can lead to disruptions in the endocrine system, causing imbalances in hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and insulin. These hormonal changes can interfere with menstrual cycles in women and reduce sperm production in men.
3. Metabolic syndrome: Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, a group of conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels. This syndrome is associated with reduced fertility as it affects the body's ability to regulate reproductive hormones effectively.

4. Mental health and stress: Exercise is known to reduce stress and improve mental health by releasing endorphins. Physical inactivity can lead to increased stress levels and mental health issues like depression and anxiety, which can disrupt hormonal balance and negatively impact sexual desire and fertility.
Few recommendations
1. Integrating exercise into daily routine: It is important for an individual to integrate physical activity into his or her daily routine. Simple measures such as walking or cycling to work, taking the stairs instead of the elevator, and engaging in recreational sports can make a difference.
2. Healthcare interventions: Doctors should routinely assess physical activity levels and provide counseling on the benefits of exercise for overall health and fertility. Integrating physical activity recommendations into fertility treatment plans can enhance outcomes.
3. Addressing obesity: Comprehensive weight management programs that include dietary modifications, physical activity, and behavioral therapy can help address obesity and improve fertility outcomes.
4. Stress management: Incorporating stress management techniques such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness into a regular schedule can improve mental health and reduce the negative impact of stress on fertility.
Physical inactivity is a significant public health issue, with profound implications for fertility. Addressing this problem requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting active lifestyles, integrating exercise into daily routines, and providing comprehensive healthcare interventions. By tackling physical inactivity, India can not only improve the fertility rate and overall reproductive health, but also contribute to the overall health and well-being of the population.
(Author: Dr. C Jyothi Budi, Medical Director, Ferty9 Fertility Center)