This is a very hack-y solution, but it at least fills the region you're looking for. The problem is that it fills the region outside, then covers it up, which isn't quite the same thing. I will keep thinking about how to do this "right" and if I come up with something, I'll update!
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines = middle,
xlabel={$x$},
ylabel={$y$},
xmin=-1, xmax=2, ymin=0, ymax=3,
xmajorticks=false
]
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve1] {1/(2*x)};
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve2] {1/x};
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve3] {2*x^2};
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve4] {3*x^2};
\addplot[color=black,fill=pink,fill opacity=0.4]fill between[of=curve1 and curve2, soft clip={domain=0.5503:0.7937}];
\addplot[color=black,fill=white,fill opacity=1.0]fill between[of=curve2 and curve4, soft clip={domain=0.5503:0.8}];
\addplot[color=black,fill=white,fill opacity=1.0]fill between[of=curve1 and curve3, soft clip={domain=0.5503:0.8}];
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
![resulting plot](https://cdn.statically.io/img/i.sstatic.net/zQrXb.png)
EDIT: Here's a version that is slightly less hack-y in that it does not require any background covering-up:
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines = middle,
xlabel={$x$},
ylabel={$y$},
xmin=-1, xmax=2, ymin=0, ymax=3,
xmajorticks=false
]
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve1] {1/(2*x)};
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve2] {1/x};
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve3] {2*x^2};
\addplot[smooth, thick, samples=200, name path=curve4] {3*x^2};
\addplot[fill=pink,fill opacity=0.4] fill between[of=curve1 and curve4,
soft clip={domain=0.5503:0.6299605}];
\addplot[fill=pink,fill opacity=0.4] fill between[of=curve3 and curve4,
soft clip={domain=0.6299605:0.69335}];
\addplot[fill=pink,fill opacity=0.4] fill between[of=curve2 and curve3,
soft clip={domain=0.69335:0.7937}];
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}