Linker Command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation), Xcode 8, Swift 3

Question

I can't get rid of this error!

I have tried all sorts of things like clearing Derived Data(Preferences->Locations->click gray arrow to open Derived Data folder in Finder->right-click, move to trash), cleaning the project(CMD+Shift+K or Product->Clean), updating carthage and dependencies, checked other answers on StackOverflow (mostly adjustments in Build Settings/Phases), and recloned the app from github, etc.

The same project works on my collaborators computers..

EDIT: From the current top-rated answer, I was able to debug a little further...I am still not sure how to fix though. It looks like I have something in the project twice? I looked and can't find anything showing up twice!

Here's a picture of the log:

Answer 1

i was facing same issue today in xcode 8 version 8.3.2

right click on issue --> reveal in log

then you are able to check what is causing that issue

Answer 2

Maybe you installed a pod file and you are still trying to build from the .xcodeproj file instead of .xcworkspace

Answer 3

the only thing that worked for me was to run pod deintegrate and pod install

Answer 4

did you try a clean? cmd + shift + k

Answer 5

Okay...So here is what solved my problem...

in App Delegate File:

#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "DarkSkyAPI.h"
//#import "Credentials.h"

I had imported Credentials.h already in the DarkSkyAPI.m file in my project. Commenting out the extra import made the error go away!

Some things to mention and maybe help anyone in the future. @umairqureshi_6's answer did help me along the process, but did not solve it. He led to where I was able to dig out the info. I kept seeing AppDelegate and DarkSkyAPI files showing up in the error log and the information it was pulling from Credentials file was causing the error. I knew it had to be in one of these 3 files, so I immediately checked imports, because I remembered hearing that the .h carries all the imports from its .m file. Boom!

Answer 6

Select the project-> Build Phase->Link Binary with libraries and add all pod libraries.

Answer 7

I k now the question has already been answered. But if this helps somebody save some time : I had the same error. I checked everything to find a very small and stupid mistake from my side. I imported a core data ManagedObject custom file in a view controller of my project. I accidentally imported the .m file instead of the .h file which was causing the duplicate symbol in architecture error (linker command failed) because my .m file of properties class imports the .h file of core data class and hence causing duplicate import.

So just check if u have imported the right files before you try multiple solutions.!

Answer 8

A lot of solutions are mentioned above. No one worked for me(but please try above first).

Select Project -> Select Target -> Linked Framework and Libraries -> Add all pod libraries . (remove if they exist in embedded binaries)

Now remove these from Framework Folder in left file explorer of xcode.

This solved my issue.

Answer 9

In my case the reason of the error is library which was linked two times.

I use react-native so it was linked automatically using react-native link and manually in xcode.

Answer 10

I had the same problem using Carthage for dependencies.

Just go to Select Project -> Build Settings -> Search for Enable Bitcode -> If it is selected to Yes, select No.

That solved this problem for me.

Answer 11

I had same problem.

The cause was that I declared same global variable in 2 files. So it was showing same error saying 2 duplicate symbols.

The solution was to remove those variables.

Answer 12

For any one having this issue with Flurry framework. This is what fixed my issue. For me the issue was that i had imported the following files but never used them. "libFlurryTVOS_9.2.3" "libFlurryWatch_9.2.3"

So all I had to do was go to project target settings and remove these 2 files from the "Linked framework and libraries" section and the problem was solved.

Answer 13

Make sure the Find Implicit Dependencies checkbox is checked.

(Product -> Scheme -> Edit Scheme -> Build -> Find Implicit Dependencies)

Answer 14

I was testing the Sparkle framework with CocoaPods.

Sadly, I put pod 'Sparkle', '~> 1.21' in the PodFile in the wrong place. I put it underneath Testing (for unit tests).

Once placed in correct spot in PodFile, everything's fine.

Answer 15

I just had to do import Foundation!

I was using Kitura for Swift server side and kept forgetting this!

Answer 16

Here is my problem and solution:

I removed two files from the source code using source tree(Version controller). After applying the diff, that contains the two classes I removed, Xcode didn't add it automatically. So I got linker error.

I manually added the files, by right click on group name and select "Add files to ". Now my error got resolved.

If anyone faced the linker error regarding class file, then try to add it manually.

Answer 17

Did not have this problem when I built and ran on my own device. Only had this problem with simulators. I just simply restarted my computer and ran it. It worked.

Answer 18

In my case I have change the Target name in my Podfile So it's create the same Error for me.

Solution

Just go project-> Build Phase->Link Binary with libraries Remove the old FrameWorks by click on minus button(-) And clean and Run again. It's work me.

Remove Unwanted .framework.

Answer 19

The other answers didn't work for me so here I share my solution in case it might help somebody else:

My problem was that I was configuring the Podfile of my XCode-Project for the wrong platform. Changing "platform :ios" at the beginning of my Podfile to "platform :macos" worked for me to get rid of the error.

Answer 20

IOS version in build phases of pod(in xcode) and ios version in pod file should be same (Try with 9.0)

Answer 21

I had the same problem. If you are checking out any github project, then instead of using git clone, use git lfs clone, as sometimes, some large files are not properly cloned by using git only. Also, make sure your bitcode is disabled.

Answer 22

For me, the gem lock file was specifying an older version of cocoapods than the one I had installed. I had to re-branch and run bundle exec pod install instead of pod install

Answer 23

It seems like the issue is different for most of us, and the error message has decent info. In my case, the Deployment Target was set to 10.13 by the export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.13 line, but I was running 10.14. So I had to switch my Deployment Target to 10.14 in General > Deployment Info, in order for the ITLibrary-related symbols to be available again.

cd /Users/foo/src/scrobble/macos/itunes-scrobble
    export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.13

... SNIP ...

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "_OBJC_CLASS_$_ITLibMediaItem", referenced from:
      objc-class-ref in AppDelegate.o
  "_OBJC_CLASS_$_ITLibPlaylist", referenced from:
      objc-class-ref in AppDelegate.o
  "_OBJC_CLASS_$_ITLibrary", referenced from:
      objc-class-ref in AppDelegate.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

Answer 24

In my case, I was producing multiple products from the same project. For one of the products, the main.m file imported a header file from another folder under the same project. But that file was not included in "Complied Sources" under "Build Phase". This caused a linker error.

After carefully comparing the "Build Phases" settings for a product that could be built successfully, I realized that the .m file of the header needs to be included in the list of "Compiled Source". My issue was resolved after adding that file. Attaching a picture for clarity. The highlighted file had to be added.

Answer 25

One of the reasons of this problem might be "Build Active Architecture Only". You need set to true.

Answer 26

for me the issue occurred with xcode 14, some frameworks on pods had minimum deployment target on ios 8.0, to fix the issue I added the following to pod file:

post_install do |installer|
  installer.pods_project.targets.each do |target|
    target.build_configurations.each do |config|
      config.build_settings['IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET'] = "12.0"
     end
  end
end

Answer 27

I resolved this issue by deleting node modules, lock file, Pods, and podfile.lock and reinstall nod modules and pods.

You can hit the below command for simplicity:

• rm -rf node_modules && rm -rf ios/build && rm -rf ios/Pods && rm -rf ios/Podfile.lock && yarn && npx pod-install

Answer 28

MY SOLUTION: I tried many options, but none of them helped, I started to delete everything from the project and after deleting one script, everything worked for me. This script was NativeShare.cs Here is part of code which is potentially broke the project:

#if UNITY_IOS
    public struct ConfigStruct
    {
        public string title;
        public string message;
    }

    [DllImport ("__Internal")] private static extern void showAlertMessage(ref ConfigStruct conf);
    
    public struct SocialSharingStruct
    {
        public string text;
        public string url;
        public string image;
        public string subject;
    }
    
    [DllImport ("__Internal")] private static extern void showSocialSharing(ref SocialSharingStruct conf);
    
    public static void CallSocialShare(string title, string message)
    {
        ConfigStruct conf = new ConfigStruct();
        conf.title  = title;
        conf.message = message;
        showAlertMessage(ref conf);
    }

    public static void CallSocialShareAdvanced(string defaultTxt, string subject, string url, string img)
    {
        SocialSharingStruct conf = new SocialSharingStruct();
        conf.text = defaultTxt; 
        conf.url = url;
        conf.image = img;
        conf.subject = subject;
        
        showSocialSharing(ref conf);
    }
#endif

Hope it will help someone

Answer 29

The solution that worked for me is changing all podfiles minimum deployable version to 11.0

You can also do this by adding a script to the bottom of our podfile:

    post_install do |installer|
    installer.generated_projects.each do |project|
          project.targets.each do |target|
              target.build_configurations.each do |config|
                  config.build_settings['IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET'] = 
    '11.0'
               end
          end
       end
    end

Answer 30

Ok, I had the same problem just today and started googling it, when I came across this thread. I haven't finished reading the question when the answer struck my mind: I declared a class with an empty constructor

class MyClass{
    MyClass();

    void func_one(){
    // code
    }

    void func_two(){
    // code
    }

    ~MyClass(){
        cout << "Deleting object" << endl;
     }
};

Then I thought why not terminating (not sure if I'm correct with word selection here, but who cares) the constructor of my class with curly braces ({}). So I did:

class MyClass{
    MyClass(){}

    void func_one(){
    // code
    }

    void func_two(){
    // code
    }

    ~MyClass(){
        cout << "Deleting object" << endl;
     }
};

The problem eliminated, my code started working perfectly.

I know, the good practice is to investigate the issue and find the real cause, but this worked for me.