ruby convert class name in string to actual class

Question

How do I call a class from a string containing that class name inside of it? (I guess I could do case/when but that seems ugly.)

The reason I ask is because I'm using the acts_as_commentable plugin, among others, and these store the commentable_type as a column. I want to be able to call whatever particular commentable class to do a find(commentable_id) on it.

Thanks.

Answer 1

I think what you want is constantize

That's an RoR construct. I don't know if there's one for ruby core

Answer 2

"Object".constantize # => Object

Answer 3

It depends on the string...

If it already has the proper shape (casing, pluralization, etc), and would otherwise map directly to an object, then:

Rails:

'User'.constantize # => User

Ruby:

Module.const_get 'User' # => User

But otherwise (note the difference in casing):

'user'.constantize # => NameError: wrong constant name user

Module.const_get 'user' # => NameError: wrong constant name user

Therefore, you must ask... is the source string singular or plural (does it reference a table or not?), is it multi-word and AlreadyCamelCased or is_it_underscored?

With Rails you have these tools at your disposal:

Use camelize to convert strings to UpperCamelCase strings, even handling underscores and forward slashes:

'object'.constantize # => NameError: wrong constant name object
'object'.camelize # => "Object"
'object'.camelize.constantize # => Object
'active_model/errors'.camelize # => "ActiveModel::Errors"
'active_model/errors'.camelize.constantize # => ActiveModel::Errors

Use classify to convert a string, which may even be plural (i.e. perhaps it's a table reference), to create a class name (still a string), then call constantize to try to find and return the class name constant (note that in Ruby class names are constants):

'users'.classify => "User" # a string
'users'.classify.constantize # => User

'user'.classify => "User" # a string
'user'.classify.constantize # => User

'ham_and_eggs'.classify # => "HamAndEgg"

In POR (Plain Old Ruby), you have capitalize, but it only works for the first word:

Module.const_get 'user'.capitalize => User

...otherwise you must use fundamental tools like strip, split, map, join, etc. to achieve the appropriate manipulation:

class HamAndEgg end # => nil
Module.const_get ' ham and eggs '.strip.gsub(/s$/,'').split(' ').map{|w| w.capitalize}.join # => HamAndEgg

Answer 4

I know this is an old question but I just want to leave this note, it may be helpful for others.

In plain Ruby, Module.const_get can find nested constants. For instance, having the following structure:

module MyModule
  module MySubmodule
    class MyModel
    end
  end
end

You can use it as follows:

Module.const_get("MyModule::MySubmodule::MyModel")
MyModule.const_get("MySubmodule")
MyModule::MySubmodule.const_get("MyModel")

Answer 5

When ActiveSupport is available (e.g. in Rails): String#constantize or String#safe_constantize, that is "ClassName".constantize.

In pure Ruby: Module#const_get, typically Object.const_get("ClassName").

In recent rubies, both work with constants nested in modules, like in Object.const_get("Outer::Inner").

Answer 6

If you want to convert string to actuall class name to access model or any other class

str = "group class"

> str.camelize.constantize 'or'
> str.classify.constantize 'or'
> str.titleize.constantize

Example :
  def call_me(str)
    str.titleize.gsub(" ","").constantize.all
  end

Call method : call_me("group class")

Result:
  GroupClass Load (0.7ms) SELECT `group_classes`.* FROM `group_classes`