It seems that these two operators are pretty much the same - is there a difference? When should I use =
and when ==
?
2 Answers
You must use ==
in numeric comparisons in (( ... ))
:
$ if (( 3 == 3 )); then echo "yes"; fi
yes
$ if (( 3 = 3 )); then echo "yes"; fi
bash: ((: 3 = 3 : attempted assignment to non-variable (error token is "= 3 ")
You may use either for string comparisons in [[ ... ]]
or [ ... ]
or test
:
$ if [[ 3 == 3 ]]; then echo "yes"; fi
yes
$ if [[ 3 = 3 ]]; then echo "yes"; fi
yes
$ if [ 3 == 3 ]; then echo "yes"; fi
yes
$ if [ 3 = 3 ]; then echo "yes"; fi
yes
$ if test 3 == 3; then echo "yes"; fi
yes
$ if test 3 = 3; then echo "yes"; fi
yes
"String comparisons?", you say?
$ if [[ 10 < 2 ]]; then echo "yes"; fi # string comparison
yes
$ if (( 10 < 2 )); then echo "yes"; else echo "no"; fi # numeric comparison
no
$ if [[ 10 -lt 2 ]]; then echo "yes"; else echo "no"; fi # numeric comparison
no
-
6You should not use
==
with[
ortest
, though.==
is not part of the POSIX specification, and will not work with all shells (dash
, in particular, does not recognize it).– chepnerCommented Nov 10, 2015 at 19:39 -
3@chepner: That's true, but the question is specifically about Bash. Commented Nov 10, 2015 at 20:01
There's a subtle difference with regards to POSIX. Excerpt from the Bash reference:
string1 == string2
True if the strings are equal.=
may be used in place of==
for strict POSIX compliance.