Difference between bitwise inclusive or and exclusive or in java

Question

public class Operators {

    public static void main(String[] args) {        
        int a = 12;

    System.out.println("Bitwise AND:"+(12&12));
    System.out.println("Bitwise inclusive OR:"+(12|12));
    System.out.println("Bitwise exclusive OR:"+(12^12));

    }
}

OUTPUT:

Bitwise AND:12
Bitwise inclusive OR:12
Bitwise exclusive OR:0

I understand first two, but not the third.

Answer 1

XOR tells whether each bit is different.

1 XOR 1 = 0
1 XOR 0 = 1
0 XOR 1 = 1
0 XOR 0 = 0

In other words "either but not both"

0011 XOR 0101 = 0110

Answer 2

BITWISE INCLUSIVE OR (|) means normal or operation ,

BITWISEE ExCLUSIVE OR (^) means xor operation

Answer 3

Third one is an XOR operation (Xclusive-OR)

It says, OR should be exclusively: where similar will be False(0) and dissimilar will be True(1).

So 12 in binary would be 1100

So, perform bitwise XOR here:

  1 1 0 0
  1 1 0 0
---------
  0 0 0 0
---------

Every column has same digit, either both are 1's or both are 0's XOR says, both should be different. Hence all zeros

Answer 4

Exclusive or (XOR) is defined as:

0 ^ 0 = 0
1 ^ 0 = 1
0 ^ 1 = 1
1 ^ 1 = 0

That is, it is 0 when two values are the same, 1 if they are different.

So, given two bit patterns which are exactly equal, each XORed bit will evaluate to 0, as each bit will either have 1 in both positions, or 0 in both positions.