Starting with VSCode 1.75 (Jan. 2023), whitespace and tab reresentation won't be impacted by style/colors, as they are today, like reported in issue 49462:
Before 1.75:
PR 168732 proposes a new experimentalWhitespaceRendering
setting:
svg
: Use a new rendering method with svgsfont
: Use a new rendering method with font charactersoff
: Use the stable rendering method
It is available now (Dec. 2022) in VSCode insiders.