To use the first argument, you can use !^
or !:1
Example:
$ echo a b c d e
a b c d e
$ echo !^
echo a
a
$ echo a b c d e
a b c d e
$ echo !:1
echo a
a
Since your question is about using any other arguments, here are some useful ones:
!^ first argument
!$ last argument
!* all arguments
!:2 second argument
!:2-3 second to third arguments
!:2-$ second to last arguments
!:2* second to last arguments
!:2- second to next to last arguments
!:0 the command
!! repeat the previous line
The first four forms are more often used. The form !:2-
is somewhat counter-intuitive, as it doesn't include the last argument.