A number of episodes of various series and movies feature time travel back into the past, earlier than the earliest Star Trek: Enterprise. One goes back to the first life on Earth billions of years ago. And I think one goes back to the Big Bang and the beginning of the known universe over 13 billion years ago.

Star Trek: Enterprise (ENT) begins about a century before Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) and has the earliest fictional date of of any Star Trek series.

Discovery begins about 10 years before the beginning of Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) and then after the second season jumps hundreds of years into the future. As far as I remember none of the episodes in the first and second seasons seemed to be sequels of ENT episodes.

And the second season episodes of Discovery with Captain Pike have connections to the first TOS Pilot "The cage" and the TOS episode "The Menagerie". Episodes in the later seasons might possibly be sequels to various episodes in any of the earlier series but I haven't watched them so I don't know if there are any examples.

From what I have heard Strange New Worlds is a spinoff from Discovery and happens in the period between Discovery and TOS. Thus some episodes might be sequels to Discovery episodes and prequels to episodes in TOS and later series.

TOS comes next chronologically. It is usually considered that Star Trek: The Animated Series (TAS) immediately continues TOS.

Then come the TOS movies from I to VI, from TMP to TUC.

Then comes the era of Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG). The last seasons of TNG overlap with the first seasons of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (DS9). Later seasons of DS9 overlap with earlier seasons of Star Trek: Voyager (VOY). There are a number of crossovers between the various shows and movies in this era.

The TNG movies begin after TNG ends and mostly overlap with DS9 and/or VOY, but I think the last, Star Trek: Nemesis (NEM) happens after the end of VOY. The first TNG movie Star Trek: Generations (GEN) features a few characters from TOS, so it could be watched after TUC and before TNG, or after TNG, or preferably both, or maybe watch the first part after TUC and the second part after TNG.

From what I have read Lower Decks happens shortly after TNG, possibly during or after DS9 and VOY.

The J.J. Abrams movies happen in an alternate universe and timeline, but events in the Prime timeline are mentioned.

Prodigy happens sometime after TNG, DS9, and VOY, since a hologram of Captain Janeway from VOY is a character.

The animated series Short Treks has episodes in many eras of Star Trek.

"The Girl Who Made the Stars" is a myth or fairy tale told to Michael Burnham when she is a little girl, and so after ENT and before Discovery.

"Ephraim and Dot" happens during TOS and the TOS movies, and puts several TOS episodes in a different order than any chronologist ever put them before.

"Children of Mars" happens after TNG and the TNG Movies and before Picard.

"Calypso" happens after even the seasons of Discovery that are set in the future.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Short_Treks

Picard has the latest fictional date of any series set in era of TNG. It happens after TNG and the TNG movies including NEM, and after the Prime timeline events mentioned in the J.J. Abrams movie Star Trek (2009), and after "Children of Mars".

The third and later seasons of Discovery happen hundreds of years after the first two seasons of Discovery, and thus after all the TOS era series and movies, and even longer after ENT, and a shorter period, but still centuries after the tNG era series and movies from TNG to Picard.

And the Short Treks episode "Calypso" happens long after the latest season of Discovery.

And possibly there is some time travel in some episodes to an era after the latest season of Discovery, or even the episode "Calypso".

And I hope I have remembered to include all the main chronological points in this brief discussion.