For what it's worth, there are.
For example, we have Nella Daren who is a full commander and leads Stellar Sciences.
This is more senior than the various staff positions OP is imagining. So this demonstrates that there are such officers, they just aren't the focus on the TV show. But that's an ex-universe explanation.
In-universe, there may be no explanation merely because the premise is false. Of the officers OP is willing to consider on the "senior staff", we have:
Middle-aged: Picard, Pulaski, Crusher
Younger: Yar, Troi, La Forge, Riker.
(Non-humans excluded by OP.)
Personally, I would not consider this to be overwhelmingly biased.