Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular patterns displayed by microorganisms, and
their subsequent activation leads to the transcription of appropriate host-defense genes. Here …

NF-κB in defense and disease malian NF-κB proteins named Rel (c-Rel), RelA (p65), RelB,
NF-κB1 (p50 and its precursor p105), and NF-κB2 (p52 and its precursor p100) have been …

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated recognition of pathogens represents one of the most important
mechanisms of innate immunity and disease resistance. The adaptor protein Tollip was …

Septic shock, caused by exaggerated host responses to various microbial products typified
by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), remains the leading cause of death in trauma patients. Gaining …

Background Alteration of the gut microbiota may contribute to the development of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive constituent of …

Tuberculosis remains second only to HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of mortality worldwide
due to a single infectious agent 1 . Despite chemotherapy, the global tuberculosis epidemic …

Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is produced through microbial fermentation of
dietary fibers in the lower intestinal tract. Endogenous butyrate production, delivery, and …

Background The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an automated molecular test that has improved the
detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, but its sensitivity is inadequate in …

… , Guolong Zhang and Xi Ma conceived and designed the review. Xi Ma supervised the study.
Cunxi Nie reviewed the literature. Cunxi Nie, Ting He, Wenju Zhang, Guolong Zhang and …

Antimicrobial host defense peptides (HDPs) are a critical component of the innate immunity
with microbicidal, endotoxin-neutralizing, and immunostimulatory properties. HDPs kill …