For years, a Saudi-owned hay farm has been using massive amounts of water in the middle of the Arizona desert and exporting the hay back to Saudi Arabia. 

The farm’s water use has attracted national attention and criticism since Reveal’s Nate Halverson and Ike Sriskandarajah first broke this story more than eight years ago.

Since then, the water crisis in the American West has only worsened as megafarms have taken hold there. And it’s not just foreign companies fueling the problem: Halverson uncovers that pension fund managers in Arizona knowingly invested in a local land deal that resulted in draining down the groundwater of nearby communities. So even as local and state politicians have fought to stop these deals, their retirement fund has been fueling them.

Since we first aired this story in July, our reporting has spurred Arizona’s governor and attorney general into action. 

On this week’s Reveal, learn about water use in the West, who’s profiting and who’s getting left behind. 

For more of Halverson’s reporting into a global scramble for food and water, watch “The Grab.” By Center for Investigative Reporting Studios and director Gabriela Cowperthwaite, the film will be in theaters and available to stream starting June 14.

This is an update of an episode that originally aired in July 2023.

Dig Deeper

Learn more: “The Grab”

Credits

Reporter: Nathan Halverson | Producers: Michael Montgomery and Ike Sriskandarajah | Editor: Cynthia Rodriguez | Fact checkers: Kim Freda and Nikki Frick | Production managers: Steven Rascón and Zulema Cobb | Digital producer: Nikki Frick | Original score and sound design: Jim Briggs and Fernando Arruda, with help from Claire Mullen | Interim executive producers: Taki Telonidis and Brett Myers | Host: Al Letson | Special thanks to “The Grab” team: Gabriela Cowperthwaite, JoeBill Muñoz, Mallory Newman, Amanda Pike, David Ritsher, Emma Schwartz, Yinuo Shi, Débora Souza Silva, Jonathan Ingalls, Davis Coombe and Impact Partners

Support for Reveal is provided by the Reva and David Logan Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Jonathan Logan Family Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Hellman Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Park Foundation.

Transcript

Reveal transcripts are produced by a third-party transcription service and may contain errors. Please be aware that the official record for Reveal’s radio stories is the audio.

Al Letson:From The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, this is Reveal. I’m Al Letson. Today we’re talking about something so essential to daily living that, for this man, it’s more precious than gold.  
Wayne Wade:Gold is worth quite a bit. Water’s worth more than gold, if you don’t have it.  
Al Letson:Wayne Wade is a retired industrial electrician. He’s worked in mines, gas plants, and oil fields. And after his kids grew up, he and his wife settled in La Paz County, Western Arizona. They fell in love with the desert.  
Wayne Wade:You have to be here year-round to see the seasons. And when the plants bloom, it’s just something you don’t get anyplace else.  
Al Letson:But then, the water level in their well started dropping each year, forcing them to go deeper into the earth. It was expensive, tens of thousands of dollars. At the same time, industrial mega-farms were moving into their community and growing crops to send overseas.  
Wayne Wade:I was raised on a farm. I am not against farming, but we need to take care of it too. It needs to be taken care of in the right way.  
Al Letson:Wayne is referring to the water. Like much of Arizona, La Paz gets very little rain, but the county does sit on top of an enormous ancient aquifer, and these farms were pumping up huge amounts of that groundwater.  
Wayne Wade:If the water leaves, I think the people will leave.  
Al Letson:Ultimately, Wayne and his wife did leave La Paz County, along with others forced out as their wells went dry.  
Wayne Wade:You just take and take and take, and pretty soon, there isn’t anything to take.  
Al Letson:Wayne’s way of life collided with the global scramble for water. And for the past decade, Reveal reporter Nate Halverson has been collecting stories like his in Arizona and in countries in Asia, Africa, and South America. We first aired this hour a year ago, and we’re bringing it back because Nate’s reporting has come together in our new documentary called The Grab, directed by Gabriela Cowperthwaite.  
 So Nate, to tell us a little bit more about the film.  
Nate Halverson:Well, Al, the film is about covert efforts by governments, corporations, even mercenaries to control the most vital resource on the planet and how all of that is disrupting the lives of millions of people. And we follow some of these people as they battle for control of their water and their future.  
Al Letson:One of the many things I love about this film is about how people in Arizona are fighting back. People like Wayne Wade, who are outraged that foreign mega-farms are draining desert water and then using it to grow crops that get shipped overseas.  
Nate Halverson:Yeah, people are pushing back, because more and more, they’re seeing these big companies and powerful interests grabbing their water. And remember, 70% of the water we use as humans goes to growing food. So the question is, for places that are running short on enough water to grow their food, where do they get it from? And then, I guess, the flip side of that coin is when there are shortages, prices can go way up. And that means people are chasing not just water, but also potentially big profits trying to make money off of those shortages. And a lot of this has been happening in the shadows. The people who are investing in these farms, it’ll surprise you, believe me. It will not only surprise you, but it surprised some people who didn’t even know they were investing in these farms because a lot of this has been hidden away, at least until we dug into it.  
Al Letson:It’s a crucial part of the story and it’s what you’re about to hear. But first, to better understand what’s going on in Arizona, we need to rewind a little bit. We need to go back about 10 years to Nate’s first journey to the desert. He was joined by Reveal’s former producer and my good buddy, Ike Sriskandarajah. This is the moment they unearth what has become an international controversy.  
Ike Sriskandara…:I see white sands with some scrubby bushes in the desert.  
Nate Halverson:And I don’t know, Ike, what is it, like 115 degrees right now? It is sweltering hot.  
Ike Sriskandara…:And just beyond that scrub grass is a gigantic hay field. And just beyond that, are rows and rows and rows of processed golden stacks of hay, like an entire city of hay.  
Nate Halverson:How does this make sense?  
 We’re driving with Charlie Havranek in his jacked-up GMC truck with huge tires. Charlie is a real estate agent, a farm consultant, and the kind of guy you want showing you around the desert.  
Charlie Havrane…:Anybody want a bottle of water? I got cold water in that ice chest there.  
Nate Halverson:We pull up in front of a farm outside Vicksburg, Arizona.  
Charlie Havrane…:And you’re looking at hundreds of thousands of tons of hay waiting for export.  
Ike Sriskandara…:It looks like the Fort Knox of stacked hay.  
Charlie Havrane…:And all of that is going to be exported to Saudi Arabia.  
Nate Halverson:Saudi Arabia’s largest dairy company, Almarai, bought 15 square miles of land in the Arizona desert and converted it into hay fields. Let that sink in for a minute. A dairy based in one desert is growing hay halfway around the world in another desert, and they’re able to do it because of groundwater, lots of it. We pull over next to an electric groundwater pump.  
Charlie Havrane…:That’s the sound of that electric motor turning. It runs a turbine pump down below that lifts the water up.  
Ike Sriskandara…:It looks like an oversized fire hydrant sitting on top of a 12-inch metal pipe that goes straight down hundreds of feet to the aquifer below.  
Charlie Havrane…:16 to 1700 gallons a minute.  
Ike Sriskandara…:The pumps, which are scattered across the fields, are running night and day. So over the course of a year in an area that normally only gets five inches of rain, they pump up 10 feet of water onto the land.  
Charlie Havrane…:We are basically mining ancient water. This is water that was probably part an ancient sea or seepage from rainstorms and accumulation of water over the eons of time. Very productive ground once you’ve got the water for it.  
Nate Halverson:By buying the land instead of just purchasing the hay, Almarai can better control its prices, and this is the most productive ground in the country for growing hay. Unlike in Iowa or Nebraska, with their idle winters, in the Arizona desert, you can grow hay all year long, assuming you have the water.  
Abby York:Where we’re at now is outside of any kind of groundwater pumping regulations, so they’re able to pump as much as they can get.  
Nate Halverson:Abby York is a land-use expert at Arizona State University. She met us at Almarai. I asked Abby if the groundwater here might run out one day.  
Abby York:There’s definitely concern that within 50 years, few decades that water levels will have dropped significantly. So if you look at some of the policy reports from the state, that’s what they’re indicating.  
Nate Halverson:That means within a generation or two, this part of Arizona could go dry and the Saudis hay operation just accelerates this problem. Arizona’s groundwater law from 1980 limits pumping in big cities like Phoenix, but in many rural areas like La Paz County, water use is not regulated, and this is where Almarai has moved in.  
Abby York:There’s no way that we can change how they’re using this land. If there were problems, it would be very difficult to stop. So the decisions are wherever the corporate headquarters are. In this case, in another country.  
Nate Halverson:If I’m understanding you correctly, the local land-use here, the local decisions on how much water to use is actually being made in Riyadh.  
Abby York:Yeah, so right.  
Nate Halverson:We were really surprised by this, that in the middle of a drought, an executive halfway around the world is making decisions that might deplete the aquifers here.  
Ike Sriskandara…:We wondered if people were flipping out about this. So we went to Kirby’s Country Market just a few miles from the Saudi farm, and we asked locals if they cared that the Saudis were buying land here.  
Speaker 7:No, whoever they could sell it to, they’re welcome to sell it to whoever they want.  
Speaker 8:If I knew exactly where it’s going, that could make a difference to me.  
Ike Sriskandara…:Would it make a difference if it was going to Saudi Arabia?  
Speaker 8:No, it wouldn’t make any difference to me. If it was going to Saudi Arabia, that’d be fine.  
Speaker 7:No, it wouldn’t. No, it don’t bother me none. They got to make money then that’s out there to make money, that’s what they’re for.  
Ike Sriskandara…:Are you at all concerned about water?  
Speaker 7:Well, I worry about losing the water. Yeah, because the water table goes down every year and we’re afraid we’re going to run out of water here one of these days.  
Nate Halverson:Saudi Arabia knows what happens if you farm the desert too long. About 30 years ago, the Saudis began digging deep under the sand for something other than oil.  
Elie Elhadj:You’ll bring in enough dollars and find enough water and you’ll grow the desert green until either the dollars become scarce or the water runs out.  
Nate Halverson:That’s Elie Elhadj. He’s a former CEO of a major Saudi bank. He also wrote a critical report about Saudi Arabia’s foray into agriculture. He called it Camels Don’t Fly, Deserts Don’t Bloom.  
Elie Elhadj:There is no magic in turning the desert green.  
Nate Halverson:With the groundwater, Saudi Arabia became an agricultural powerhouse.  
Elie Elhadj:The Saudi desert became the sixth-largest exporter of wheat in the world.  
Nate Halverson:Elie says, exporting crops like wheat and hay is the same thing as exporting water.  
Elie Elhadj:Agricultural goods are encapsulation of water, virtual water.  
Nate Halverson:So why would a country with so little water become the world’s sixth biggest exporter of wheat?  
Elie Elhadj:Well, frankly, it’s crazy and time really proved that it was an insane decision.  
Nate Halverson:Saudi Arabia has nearly run out of groundwater and dairy companies, like Almarai, have been told to begin growing nearly all their hay in other places like Sudan, Ethiopia, Argentina, and Arizona. All of it will get shipped back home to feed their dairy cows. We reached out to Almarai and the Saudi government for comment on our story, but they declined.  
Elie Elhadj:Bottom line is that the current generation sucked the aquifers dry to deny future generations of their rightful endowment.  
Nate Halverson:Saudi Arabia isn’t the only one running low on water. Other countries like China and India are discovering they don’t have enough farm water to meet growing demands either. And like the Saudis, they’re looking overseas, putting increased strain on the world’s water.  
Ike Sriskandara…:As Nate and I were driving away from the Saudi farm, we noticed another big farm along the road. The name of it, Al Dara.  
Nate Halverson:It appears to be another Middle Eastern company, has come out here and has started up a huge other hay operation.  
Ike Sriskandara…:We pulled in where we saw a line of semis all being filled with hay. So we climbed up to a truck driver’s window to talk.  
 That makes it a lot easier for us.  
Speaker 10:Yeah, yeah, yeah. [inaudible 00:12:00]  
Ike Sriskandara…:Thank you. I never get to see inside-  
Nate Halverson:This eighteen-wheeler was being loaded with 44,000 pounds of hay. And he told us it was going to a shipping port in California. And from there, onto China. We went inside the small office and met Nathan Melton, the farm’s manager. Nathan has deep roots here. His family farmed in Arizona for generations growing melons, cotton, and other crops.  
Nathan Melton:I’m not in the family business no more. This is all corporate farming now, and this is different.  
Nate Halverson:How long ago did the folks start leasing this land?  
Nathan Melton:We’ve been here two years now.  
Nate Halverson:And who do they lease it from?  
Nathan Melton:It’s the IFC. It’s a big corporation out of North Carolina.  
Nate Halverson:Corporations are tapping into free and unregulated water supplies in rural counties like La Paz and growing crops that are shipped halfway around the world.  
Nathan Melton:If we were going to say we were going to ship hay overseas, back then you would’ve laughed, but that’s what we do and makes money. A lot’s changed over the last 10, 15 years.  
Al Letson:That story was from Nate Halverson in Ike Sriskandarajah. In a moment, Nate follows the money flowing into the International Farming Corporation. It’s a billion-dollar investment firm with some surprising investors.  
Speaker 12:And then you start connecting the dots on some of this stuff and you start thinking, oh my God, I can’t make this up.  
Al Letson:That’s coming up next on Reveal.  
Al Letson:From The Center for Investigative Reporting in PRX, this is Reveal. I’m Al Letson.  
 Reveal’s Nate Halverson has been investigating the global battle for water. Water we drink, water we use to grow crops and water that, in many parts of the world, is disappearing. Like in Arizona where in 2015 Nate found corporate mega farms were moving into the desert and pumping out massive amounts of water from the state’s endangered aquifers to grow hay.  
Speaker 13:Nathan Halverson is the first reporter to break this story in the national press.  
Speaker 14:A dairy company based in a country known for its huge oil supplies is after something even more precious in Arizona, water.  
Speaker 15:There is no cost for the water being pumped from the wells or restrictions on how much they use.  
Al Letson:Media coverage at the time was focused on Almarai, the dairy company from Saudi Arabia, that quickly became one of the biggest water users in the state.  
 The people of La Paz County, where all this was happening, they were getting angry.  
Speaker 16:I know that there’s areas that are being farmed now that were not farmland two years ago. Large, large tracts, miles and miles of green that wasn’t there two years ago. How is that possible?  
Al Letson:This tape is from a meeting in La Paz with members from the state’s water department. The hall was packed and tense with armed sheriff’s deputies keeping close watch.
Speaker 17:You’re saying it’s perfectly legal for these people to come in here, drain the aquifer, and the local people have to re-drill their wells that they’ve lived there for years?  
Speaker 18:We got to move on but yes, they’re not breaking the law.  
Al Letson:People told the officials more and more wells were running dry and they were blaming the new mega farms.  
 Holly Irwin, a county supervisor, tried to empathize and respond to what she was hearing.
Holly Irwin:I feel your pain. I want conservation measures put in place so we can all grow as a community where you guys can stay here and so can they, but we need to do something and something’s got to give.  
Al Letson:This meeting was in 2017 and this week’s show is tracing the surprising twists and turns of our story since then.  
 As the reality of the situation sank in, it motivated Holly, a conservative Republican, to do something she’d never done before, take political action on an environmental issue to protect the aquifers and save the rural way of life here in the desert. And in the process she found out what’s happening here goes way beyond Almarai. This is where Nate picks up the story.  
Nate Halverson:Holly Irwin came to La Paz County about 30 years ago to raise a family.  
Holly Irwin:We love the whole rural western atmosphere of Arizona, and enjoy the river and all of the outdoor activities that comes with it.  
Nate Halverson:One of her favorites, off-roading with the family on four-wheelers through hundreds of miles of rocky trails. She’s shown me videos.  
Holly Irwin:You just have open desert or we can take trails that’ll take us through mountain passes, and canyons and stuff like that. It’s amazing. You can just keep going for miles.  
Nate Halverson:Holly’s been barreling over hills and through ditches since her dad bought her a mini-bike at age 10. Today, it’s just a way to let off steam.  
Speaker 19:Look at Mama go.  
Speaker 20:That’s my mama.  
Holly Irwin:It’s called decompressing from dealing with all of the stress with the water issues that we’ve had here in La Paz County.  
Nate Halverson:Holly was elected county supervisor here in 2008. But ever since that Saudi hay story came out, the water issue has consumed her working life and she wants to take me out into the desert, not on her ATV, but in her government-issued SUV so I can see what’s been happening since our original story several years ago.  
 At first, the desert doesn’t look much different. It’s still got its postcard beauty. But then, abruptly, it all changes to hay, specifically alfalfa hay.  
Holly Irwin:Now we’re back into the alfalfa, as you can see. This is all alfalfa. It’s depressing. It really is.  
Nate Halverson:This is the Saudi farm.  
Nate Halverson:This is the Saudi farm.  
 Wanted to take you by here, so you could see how much it’s changed.  
Nate Halverson:The fields now cover far more land and there’s clusters of giant hay barns scattered for miles. Those didn’t exist the first time I was here in 2015.  
 Holy cow, these are hay trucks.  
Holly Irwin:And look, they’re all waiting in line to get in.  
Nate Halverson:Those are semi-trucks that have two trailers behind them and there are 30 of them, so that’s like 60 semi-trailers just covered in hay.  
Holly Irwin:I told you, right?  
Nate Halverson:Arizona is now exporting nearly 100 times as much hay compared to a decade ago. Hay brings in a lot of money. It’s one of the most valuable crops in the US.  
 Arizona doesn’t track hay exports or their impact on water, but some researchers at the University of Arizona did just that. And they estimate that in Arizona, the water used to grow exported hay is now equivalent to the water used by roughly a million people in Phoenix.  
 As we drive on, you can see the impact. There’s a little church whose well went dry and a trailer park also with water problems. And then, we pull over just next to some desert homes, just past one of the encroaching farm fields.  
 So what’s happening to people out here these domestic wells, these people that have retired out here?  
Holly Irwin:Okay, so if you look out here, I know this family that live out here and they’ve had to replace their well twice. Not just once, but twice.  
Nate Halverson:How much is that?  
Holly Irwin:Anywhere from 25 to 35,000?  
Nate Halverson:That’s a lot for retirees.  
Holly Irwin:It is. It’s a lot.  
Nate Halverson:Not even the government knows how much water is left in these aquifers.  
 Holly keeps asking the state’s water department to conduct a hydrologic study, but they keep ignoring her. And it’s an important study because it’s the only way to know for sure how much water is being used, how much is left, and how long until it goes kaput.  
 La Paz County is not a wealthy community. The average individual income here is 26,000 a year. Many folks are retirees from working-class jobs and lots of residents live in mobile homes and trailer parks or out on the open desert.  
 Holly says it’s this lack of wealth that makes the community more vulnerable to having its groundwater grabbed. She wanted to know when all of this got started and who was behind it? So she gets the idea to start digging into dusty old county records in search of answers. And she leads me into her office to show me.  
 Holly, this is so many boxes and so many documents. This is a gold mine.  
Holly Irwin:I had to go back to, we call it the dungeon, but where we keep historical boxes and documents and stuff like that.  
Nate Halverson:The dungeon?  
Holly Irwin:The dungeon. And pulled boxes and I went back to the creation of our county.  
Nate Halverson:Wow, when was that?  
Holly Irwin:That was in 1982 of which I fully believe that we were created for that sole purpose.  
Nate Halverson:What purpose?  
Holly Irwin:For water.  
Nate Halverson:La Paz has been known as a place to mine, not gold or oil, but water. And in the past it was the big cities coming here for the water.  
 It’s an old story, going back nearly 40 years. That’s when Phoenix comes calling in 1986. The city purchased about 20 square miles of farmland so that they could have access to the water below. Phoenix wanted it as a backup water supply for the future, and its plan was to eventually pump up the water and transfer it through a canal to the city.  
Holly Irwin:You start watching City of Phoenix buy property, Scottsdale buy property, and you have cities buying property solely for the purpose of water.  
Nate Halverson:These deals were controversial at the time because rural communities like La Paz felt their water was being grabbed by the big cities. But, at the end of the day, this was water destined to stay in the state as a public water supply.  
 That changes in 2012 when Phoenix about face and sells its own backup water. It says it doesn’t need the groundwater anymore and it will be too expensive to transport.  
 Here’s the thing that I find striking, back in the ’80s, people recognized literally the time right now when they’re going to need the water, and that was almost 40 years ago. It’s like they were psychic. But somewhere along the way they lost track that they wanted this water for the people of Arizona and they started selling it.  
 This is where the International Farming Corporation enters the picture. Remember, IFC is that multibillion-dollar investment company we heard about earlier. IFC buys the land from the City of Phoenix, then it gets to work drilling bigger, deeper wells to tap into all that precious groundwater. So it can then lease some of the land to the farming company, Al Dahra.  
 Now stay with me here, this isn’t the Saudi-owned farm. This is the other big hay producer in La Paz County. Al Dahra from the United Arab Emirates. What this all means is that Phoenix’s once public water supply is no longer staying in Arizona. It’s being shipped overseas in the form of hay.  
 I want to hear firsthand what this all means for the residents living next to the IFC farm.  
 So I go visit Mary Goodman. Mary moved out here about 25 years ago after retiring from her nursing job in the Los Angeles area.  
Mary Goodman:This is a triple-wide and we put it in 2005. Did all the work ourselves.  
Nate Halverson:Mary and her husband, Bill, came out to the desert because it was beautiful and because, like for a lot of people, this is a place where you can afford to live on your pensions and savings. This mobile home in the desert, it was their dream retirement.  
Mary Goodman:We’ve put our money, our lives, our sweat and blood, so we’ve got everything the way we want it. He has a nice workshop and I’ve got my plants. It’s our life.  
Nate Halverson:It’s their life, but the water table is dropping every year. Some of their neighbors’ wells have already gone dry. And IFC, it just keeps drilling deeper. Now, it’s down to 1500 feet.  
 If you had to drill your well 1,000 or 1500 feet, could you all afford to?  
Mary Goodman:No way. Not at $30 a foot, we couldn’t afford it.  
Nate Halverson:It’s a race for the water. And they can’t keep up. Mary worries that their well could run out of water, well, before they die.  
Mary Goodman:I’m 75 and my husband’s 12 years older than I am. It’s like we’re getting up towards the end of stuff here, folks.  
 I just get really nervous. Do we just stay here and maybe take comfort in we’ll be dead before we run out of water because we can’t live here without water?  
Nate Halverson:In 2022, a state test near the Goodmans found the water was dropping about 5 feet per year. And at that rate, the Goodmans might only have another 10 years of water in their well. And they say nobody from the state is out here helping folks as their wells go dry.  
Mary Goodman:We’re kind of the ugly redheaded stepchild out here maybe. Nobody seems to care. You feel powerless. I mean, you live in a place where they can give your water away.  
Nate Halverson:Mary’s hit on an important point, what’s happening here goes way deeper than corporate mega farms. It’s about the Arizona water policies that attracted these companies in the first place.  
 So I go to Arizona State University to see a lawyer named Sarah Porter.  
Sarah Porter:I’m Sarah Porter, Director of the Kyle Center for Water Policy at ASU’s Morrison Institute for Public Policy.  
Nate Halverson:Sarah and I talk nitty-gritty about the Arizona Groundwater Management Act. Its legislation from the 1980s that governs much of what happens with Arizona’s water today.  
 It was a fight to get the law passed. Cities, agriculture and mining companies were all competing for what they wanted it to say. Ultimately, groundwater ends up being regulated in urban areas like Phoenix, but not in rural areas like La Paz. They essentially remain free-for-alls. This lack of regulation created a business opportunity for farm investors to come in from around the world.  
 I have a newspaper ad that I clipped and it’s a color ad and it says, “Water problems? Come to Arizona, we have unregulated water.”  
Sarah Porter:Yeah.  
Nate Halverson:Sarah now sits on Arizona governor Katie Hobbs’s Water Policy Council, which was created in 2023 to tackle the issues of groundwater in rural areas. She says, if state lawmakers aren’t going to rein this in, they should at least be upfront about what’s happening.  
Sarah Porter:If it’s going to be the policy of the state to allow landowners to mine out all of the groundwater in an aquifer, then we should also talk about having better public consumer protections. We need to make sure that people don’t invest their treasure in their own little acreage and then discover that a giant industrial scale agricultural operation has moved in next door and is going to be causing their wells to go dry.  
Nate Halverson:But that’s already happening in places like La Paz.  
Sarah Porter:I also think we have to live with the possibility that it may be the choice of some rural areas to simply manage their groundwater in a way that I think we could call unsustainable and use up all the water in their aquifers. That may be the will of some rural areas.  
Nate Halverson:I talked to supervisors in those counties like Holly Irwin, and she says she doesn’t have the power to stop people from pumping her water.  
Sarah Porter:She doesn’t, and one of the big problems is that once the big water user is there, it is much, much harder to solve the problem.  
Nate Halverson:So what happens to people in La Paz County?  
Sarah Porter:The reality is that the water demand is the water demand.  
Nate Halverson:So the people’s wells are going to go dry and that’s the future?  
Sarah Porter:It could be. It could be, yeah. That’s the reality. We’re really talking about an existential situation for some of those places.  
Nate Halverson:Existential meaning like they’re going to lose their well and they’re going to lose their life savings.  
Sarah Porter:Yeah, no water, no town.  
Nate Halverson:The people in La Paz, do you envision they’re going to get compensated when the value of their-  
Sarah Porter:No, I don’t think so.  
Nate Halverson:They’re just going to lose their life savings and that’s that?  
Sarah Porter:Yeah. Or whatever they wind up doing. Maybe someone will discover an ore body where they are. I don’t know. A groundwater supply in an unregulated rural area of Arizona is a low value water supply.  
Nate Halverson:So it’s buyer beware.  
Sarah Porter:It is. That’s really what we live with. It’s buyer beware. But let’s keep everything in proportion, I don’t know what the population of La Paz County is off the top of my head, but you know? Is it like 30,000?  
Nate Halverson:La Paz is less than that, 16,000 people.  
 Part of public journalism is standing up for the folks that don’t have the power. And I hear what you’re saying, it is a small percentage of the population. But for those folks, it’s going to hurt.  
Sarah Porter:It doesn’t diminish their experience that there aren’t very many of them. They never should have relied on that water. It’s not their fault that they did, but they were relying on a water supply that they didn’t have a right to.  
Holly Irwin:You’re going to tell me that they don’t have a right to have water in their homes? Families have invested over generations to be here. It makes me angry, extremely angry.  
Nate Halverson:I’ve come back to meet with Holly at her office in La Paz. She’s frustrated by the idea that this is just the way it is. And also by the inability of Arizona’s lawmakers to protect water.  
 What she wants is the state to determine how much water is left in the aquifers and give her some local control to monitor and set limits, if necessary. She thinks this is the only way to slow the global scramble for water and the profit driven water market it’s created.  
Holly Irwin:You’re literally fighting money. That’s what you’re doing. You’re fighting the rich people.  
Nate Halverson:And Holly isn’t just fighting rich corporations. In my reporting, I uncovered something startling. The Arizona government itself is investing in these mega farms in the western United States. I found that the Arizona State Retirement System gave 175 million to the International Farming Corporation, which then used some of the money for the mega farm in La Paz County.  
 This raises a key question, how much did the state know about exactly where its investment money was going?  
 I’m wondering if we can go over to the County Recorder’s Office because people have to file deeds of trusts if there’s a mortgage or who gave them the money to buy the land.  
Holly Irwin:I mean, we can walk over there if you want and see.  
Nate Halverson:So we head over to the Recorder’s Office where land sales and mortgage records are kept.  
Holly Irwin:Here is our recorder’s office.  
Nate Halverson:Hi. Is there a way that we could look up an LLC?  
Speaker 21:Yes.  
Nate Halverson:We find a computer terminal and start searching.  
 At first, it looks like a bust.  
 Yeah, Holly, this is kind of looking like a dead end. I mean we can see that the year that they bought it, which is what we knew.  
Holly Irwin:Right.  
Nate Halverson:And they bought it from the City of Phoenix. And there’s easements and mechanical stuff, but there’s nothing in all of these records and there’s 56 documents.  
Holly Irwin:Oh, wow.  
Nate Halverson:Yeah, but there’s nothing that shows… Wait a minute, what’s this? Arizona state…  
Holly Irwin:Pull that up.  
Nate Halverson:Isn’t that your pension fund?  
Holly Irwin:Yes. Yes.  
Nate Halverson:Holly and I are seeing this document for the first time. It shows that state retirement fund managers knew specifically that part of their investment in IFC would be used for the mega farm here in La Paz, the one that’s next to the Goodmans’ home. The document even says that if IFC were to ever sell its land in La Paz, the retirement system wanted the right to make the first offer to buy it, and it was all about making money.  
Holly Irwin:Oh my God. Oh my God. Wow. That’s wild. I don’t know why our state retirement would have any part of any land deal.  
Nate Halverson:Your pension fund is the money behind this massive deal that bought the Phoenix of Arizona’s backup water supply and is now shipping it overseas in the form of hay.  
 Holly and I leave the Recorder’s Office and I tell her I’m going to Phoenix to see if I can get answers from state officials about why any of this makes sense.  
 Is there anything you really want me to try to dig out? You really want to know?  
Holly Irwin:I want to know why they’re investing our pensions, money that we’ve worked hard for, only to have companies utilize the water and shipping it overseas?  
Nate Halverson:How does that make you feel?  
Holly Irwin:It makes me angry. It’s unbelievable that the state can do that with our retirement fund.  
 I’ve been fighting for years to keep the water here and it’s just frustrating. Everywhere you look around, you know that this water is being depleted and alfalfa is being shipped overseas.  
Al Letson:When we come back, Nate’s discovery of those pension fund investments triggers a sharp response from Arizona’s top law enforcement officer.  
Speaker 22:It is bonkers, right? If it was a movie, you wouldn’t believe it.  
Al Letson:Next on Reveal.  
Al Letson:From The Center for Investigative Reporting in PRX, this is Reveal. I’m Al Letson. For nearly a decade, our reporter, Nate Halverson has been investigating efforts by governments and corporations around the globe to grab control of water resources. It’s all part of a new documentary aptly called, The Grab. In Western Arizona Nate found corporate mega-farms were threatening local water supplies and figured out they were being financed by an East coast investment firm, the International Farming Corporation. He discovered that one of IFC’s biggest investors was the state of Arizona’s own retirement system. So about this time last year, Nate went to Phoenix to try and get answers from the state attorney general’s office.  
Kris Mayes:Hello.  
Nate Halverson:Hi.  
Kris Mayes:How are you? You must be Nate.  
Nate Halverson:Yeah. Kris, thanks so much for taking the time.  
Kris Mayes:Nice to meet you.  
Nate Halverson:I meet Kris Mayes at her office in downtown Phoenix. The walls are lined with photos and mementos from her career as a newspaper reporter and attorney. In 2022 Mayes, a Democrat, narrowly won election as the state’s top law enforcement officer. Her campaign was about voting rights, public safety, and water.  
Kris Mayes:If there’s one thing, Arizona depends on, it’s water. That’s why I was outraged when I heard that Arizona is giving our water to a Saudi Arabian-owned farm to grow crops for export back to the Middle East for free.  
Nate Halverson:Mayes tells me she used the mega-farm owned by the Saudi Arabian company in her election campaign to highlight the absurdities of state water policies.  
Kris Mayes:This is a story at bottom about the neglect and negligence of state government over a number of years. That’s why so many Arizonans say, are you kidding me? Why are we allowing a Saudi-owned corporation to stick a straw on the ground and suck so much of our water out and send alfalfa back to Saudi Arabia and not charge them a dime for the water? It is bonkers. If it was a movie, you wouldn’t believe it.  
Nate Halverson:The water crisis and how it’s impacting rural communities touches Mayes at a personal level.  
Kris Mayes:I grew up in western Arizona. My family and I would often go to a place called the Santa Maria River, which is barely a river anymore because of drought and climate change. But I love Western Arizona.  
Nate Halverson:I pull out some of the documents I’ve uncovered about who’s funding IFC.  
Kris Mayes:Don’t know what you found, but knowing you, you found something.  
Nate Halverson:If you look here on page 77 of the report, I was able to definitively show that state pension fund money went into lands being leased by another Middle Eastern company that’s shipping, growing the alfalfa and shipping it overseas to China, the Middle East, anywhere. Presumably that’ll pay top dollar for it.  
Kris Mayes:Is this the Emirati farm? Oh my God.  
Nate Halverson:And so that is-  
Kris Mayes:Can I have a pen?  
Nate Halverson:Mayes squints her eyes and starts taking notes. This isn’t the Saudi-owned farm that she campaigned against. This is the farm company from the United Arab Emirates. The Emirati farm is actually state pension fund money.  
Kris Mayes:State pension fund money?  
Nate Halverson:So all of you are presumably pension funds.  
Kris Mayes:Correct, we’re all in that pension fund, yes. As individuals, every state employee is. Yeah.  
Nate Halverson:So the state employee money has gone into exporting the state’s water.  
Kris Mayes:I think Arizonans are going to be outraged about this. It just exacerbates an already terrible situation and shows again the abject failure of our government to protect our people and to protect our future. As an Arizonan and as the attorney general, this is obviously really shocking and hard to believe, but in a way maybe not, given what’s going on in the past,  
Nate Halverson:I ask Mayes if it’s a conflict of interest that state employees who are in charge of managing the aquifers are also financially benefiting from letting IFC pump as much water as it wants in La Paz County.  
Kris Mayes:That’s a tough one. I think I’ll not comment on that because then you really need to think it through and we really need to get to the bottom of it. And obviously your reporting is going to kickstart that process.  
Nate Halverson:Mayes tells me the state can’t keep making these mistakes with its water.  
Kris Mayes:Water in Arizona is life. Our very survival as a state depends on our doing better when it comes to water.  
Nate Halverson:I share with Mayes the doomsday scenario for La Paz that I’d heard from Sarah Porter of the Governor’s Water Council. The farms are there, there’s nothing we can do about it. And the people who live out there, yes, they’re going to lose their wells and their home value because there’s no value in their home once they lose their wells. And that’s what it is.  
Kris Mayes:I’m sorry. No, that’s not the case. In many cases, these communities well predate these farms. As a state, we have to act with urgency because people are actively being harmed. There are farmers, small farmers and cattle ranchers whose wells have gone dry. There’s a trailer park that apparently has had its well go dry and all because of the deepwater farming that’s going on in this area, and that’s just not okay.  
Nate Halverson:What can you do about it as Attorney general?  
Kris Mayes:Well, I’m attacking it from pretty much every angle that I can within the boundaries of my authority.  
Nate Halverson:Mayes has tried to stop the Saudi-owned farm from expanding, but so far she’s only managed to revoke two well permits because of improper paperwork. She’s also called on the State’s water Agency to fulfill its mandate and assess how much water is left in rural aquifers. They still haven’t done it. You know Holly Irwin, the county supervisor out there.  
Kris Mayes:Yes, very well. Yes.  
Nate Halverson:Holly’s been asking for that hydrologic study for eight years, since the Saudi story came out.  
Kris Mayes:Yeah, it is outrageous. It is begging for a hydrological study. I mean, this is one of the greatest scandals in the history of Arizona.  
Nate Halverson:Mayes says lawmakers need to pass legislation to reform the state’s water laws. And if they don’t, she’s even proposing going around them.  
Kris Mayes:We have an obligation to protect all Arizonans, whether it’s a ballot initiative in the next year or two, or it’s a lawsuit by me, we are going to get this done.  
Holly Irwin:It doesn’t matter what you are, you should be able to work the issue and leave the politics behind you and get to some solutions.  
Nate Halverson:Holly Irwin, the Republican County supervisor from La Paz, has forged close ties with Chris Mayes and other powerful Democrats. Mayes calls her the Erin Brockovich of water in Arizona. That growing bipartisanship gives Holly some hope that her desert community can survive.  
Holly Irwin:It’s an emotional roller coaster. Some days you want to give up. Some days I cry and just to turn around and to get up and fight another day. I hate being told no. I mean, that’s one of my biggest things is I hate being told there’s no solution.  
Al Letson:In her quest to save her community. Holly Irwin challenged some powerful players, lawmakers, lobbyists, and corporate executives who’ve been fighting against regulating water in rural areas saying it would be bad for business. It was a classic David vs. Goliath. And in the past year, the David in this story has scored some wins. So I asked Nate to come into the studio and catch us up. Hey Nate.  
Nate Halverson:Hey Al.  
Al Letson:So tell me, what’s happened?  
Nate Halverson:Well, right after we published that story, Arizona’s governor, Katie Hobbs, got asked about our investigation, the state pension fund’s investment in those mega farms. Were you aware that the pension fund makes that kind of investment?  
Katie Hobbs:I was not.  
Nate Halverson:Would that trouble you?  
Katie Hobbs:Yes. So these are the kinds of things that maybe haven’t been as closely examined before my administration and certainly things that we want to make sure we’re aware of and making smarter decisions for Arizona.  
Nate Halverson:And then a few months later, the governor takes this really major step.  
Speaker 23:The governor announced today that Arizona is terminating its lease with a middle Eastern-owned farm operating in La Paz County, about 90 minutes west of Phoenix.  
Al Letson:That is major. Which leases did she cancel? Are those the farms in Holly’s area?  
Nate Halverson:It’s a complex situation because the governor was able to shut down some farmland run by the Saudi company in Holly’s County, but only on state land. This was land that the farm leased from the state, but much of the farmland near Holly is actually privately owned and that is way harder to throttle back. That said, ending those leases was still a big deal because we’re talking about five square miles of farmland that got shut down.  
 It made international news and I guess it also showed that the state of Arizona is willing to take action against some powerful interests.  
Al Letson:So is this going to be enough to save Holly’s community?  
Nate Halverson:I mean, the short answer is no. The longer answer is a bit of a jaw-dropper actually, because after we first broke this story several years ago, the head of Arizona’s water department literally said our reporting was making, “Hay.” And overstating the problem. He actually went so far as to assure the public that Holly’s area had at least a 100-year water supply despite the newly arrived mega farms. Well, in December, under pressure from lawmakers, his agency revised those numbers. They now say that nearly half the wells in the area will be dry within only 25 years.  
Al Letson:Wow.  
Nate Halverson:Yeah, and that’s assuming the farms don’t get bigger, which they’re still legally allowed to do. The report says that if that happens, the area has way less than 25 years. It’ll be closer to 10 years until all those wells have no water left.  
Al Letson:That’s pretty serious. Is there anything else the state can do to try and save this water supply?  
Nate Halverson:Well, Attorney General Kris Mayes has launched an investigation into the damages that are being caused by big corporate farms. And a few months ago, Mayes met with a group of residents in La Paz County and in response to a question, she even hinted that she might file a lawsuit against the mega farms. Here’s what she was asked.  
Speaker 24:Are you looking at possible reparations for people’s foundations, sinking and cracking, all these things? That’s the immediate threat we’re going to feel before we run out of water if we don’t do anything.  
Kris Mayes:I mean, those are the kinds of things that I would think about putting into a lawsuit. And those are the kinds of things for those of you who’ve been contacted by my investigators, we’ve asked about cracking in homes, fissures that you’ve seen, de-watered Wells, physical impacts associated with deep water wells and financial harm to you.  
Al Letson:So these are sizable developments. What about the state pension fund?  
Nate Halverson:So far, the state hasn’t taken any action on the pension fund itself, and the top fund managers declined interview requests, but they have said the fund plans to cash out it’s stake in the farm. On the other hand, that was always it’s plan, to hold the investment for a while, make some money and then sell it. So it’s not clear if this announced sale was from political pressure or just business as usual for the pension fund managers.  
Al Letson:So you’ve got all this money coming into Arizona, chasing profits essentially for precious water supplies, and it’s local people that are paying the price. And that seems to be the theme that’s captured in your new documentary, The Grab.  
Nate Halverson:Yeah, that’s right Al. I mean, look, the powerful have their eyes set on controlling the most vital resources on the planet. That’s food and water, and we capture that in the film. The thing is, when everyday people finally realize what’s happening, conflict can erupt, sometimes even violent and deadly conflict. We even show how some countries are beginning to conduct war games based on food and water conflicts. Of course, the other side of that is that the Holly Irwins of the world are beginning to win some of these battles.  
Al Letson:Nate, thanks so much for this work. It’s so important.  
Nate Halverson:Hey, thanks so much Al.  
Al Letson:That was Reveal’s Nate Halverson. To learn more about The Grab go to our website, revealnews.org. You can check out the film in theaters around the U.S. beginning June 14th, and that’s just around the corner, and you can also find it on streaming platforms. Michael Montgomery was the lead producer for this week’s show. He had help from Ike Sriskandarajah. Cynthia Rodriguez was the editor. Special thanks to Gabriella Cowperthwaite, JoeBill Muñoz, Mallory Newman, Amanda Pike, David Ritsher, Emma Schwartz, Yinuo Shi, Débora Souza Silva, Jonathan Ingalls, Davis Coombe, and to Impact Partners. Nikki Frick is our fact checker, Victoria Baranetsky is our general counsel. Our production managers are the wonder twins, Zulema Cobb, and Steven, my brother from another mother, Rascón. Score and sound design by the dynamic duo, Jay Breezy, Mr. Jim Briggs and Fernando, my man, yo, Arruda. Our post-production team this week also includes Claire C-Note Mullen. Our interim executive producers are Taki Telonidis and Brett Myers.  
 Our theme music is by Camarado Lightning. Support for Reveal is provided by the Reva and David Logan Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Jonathan Logan Family Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Park Foundation, and the Hellman Foundation. Reveal is a co-production of the Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX. And one last thing, next week’s show kicks off our three-part series, 40 Acres and a Lie. It sheds new light on a pivotal period in history that came after the Civil War. It’s a moment in time that I thought I understood, but really didn’t. I think you’ll be surprised too. I hope you’ll listen. I’m Al Letson, and remember there is always more to the story.  

Nathan Halverson (he/him) is an Emmy Award-winning producer for Reveal, covering business and finance with a current emphasis on the global food system. Before joining Reveal, Halverson worked on projects for FRONTLINE, the Investigative Reporting Program at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism and PBS NewsHour. He was the principal reporter on Reveal's story about the Chinese government’s involvement in the takeover of America’s largest pork company, Smithfield Foods Inc. He was awarded a 2014 McGraw Fellowship by the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism, and he received a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Minnesota. He has won a New York Times Chairman’s Award and has received reporting honors from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers, California Newspaper Publishers Association, San Francisco Peninsula Press Club and Associated Press News Executives Council. Halverson is based in Reveal’s Emeryville, California, office.

Michael Montgomery is a senior reporter and producer for Reveal, covering a wide range of topics, including labor exploitation, human rights and prisons. He has led collaborations with The Associated Press, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Frontline, NPR and others.

Previously, Montgomery was a senior reporter at American Public Media, a special correspondent for the BBC and an associate producer with CBS News. He began his career in Eastern Europe, reporting on the fall of communism and wars in former Yugoslavia for the Daily Telegraph and Los Angeles Times. His investigations into human rights abuses in Kosovo led to war crimes convictions of Serbian and Albanian paramilitaries. Montgomery’s honors include Murrow, Peabody, IRE, duPont, Third Coast and Overseas Press Club awards. He is a longtime member of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and serves on the board of the World Press Institute.

Cynthia Rodriguez is a senior radio editor for Reveal. She is an award-winning journalist who came to Reveal from New York Public Radio, where she spent nearly two decades covering everything from the city’s dramatic rise in family homelessness to police’s fatal shootings of people with mental illness.

In 2019, Rodriguez was part of Caught, a podcast that documents how the problem of mass incarceration starts with the juvenile justice system. Caught received an Alfred I. duPont-Columbia Award for outstanding journalism in the public interest. Her other award-winning stories include investigations into the deaths of construction workers during New York City's building boom and the “three-quarter house” industry – a network of independent, privately run buildings that pack vulnerable people into unsanitary, overcrowded buildings in exchange for their welfare funds.

In 2013, Rodriguez was one of 13 journalists to be selected as a Knight-Wallace Fellow at the University of Michigan, where her study project was on the intersection of poverty and mental health. She is based in New York City but is originally from San Antonio, Texas, and considers both places home.

Nikki Frick is the associate editor for research and copy for Reveal. She previously worked as a copy editor at the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and held internships at The Boston Globe, the Los Angeles Times and Washingtonpost.com. She has a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and was an American Copy Editors Society Aubespin scholar. Frick is based in Milwaukee.

Steven Rascón (he/they) is the production manager for Reveal. He is pursuing a master's degree at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism with a Kaiser Permanente Institute for Health Policy Fellowship. His focus is investigative reporting and audio documentary. He has written for online, magazines and radio. His reporting on underreported fentanyl overdoses in Los Angeles' LGBTQ community aired on KCRW and KQED. Rascón is passionate about telling diverse stories for radio through community engagement. He holds a bachelor of fine arts degree in theater arts and creative writing.

Zulema Cobb is an operations and audio production associate for The Center for Investigative Reporting. She's originally from Los Angeles County, where she was raised until moving to Oregon. Her interest in the well-being of families and children inspired her to pursue family services at the University of Oregon. Her diverse background includes banking, affordable housing, health care and education, where she helped develop a mentoring program for students. Cobb is passionate about animals and has fostered and rescued numerous dogs and cats. She frequently volunteers at animal shelters and overseas rescue missions. In her spare time, she channels her creative energy into photography, capturing memories for friends and family. Cobb is based in Tennessee, where she lives with her husband, three kids, three dogs and cat.

Jim Briggs III is the senior sound designer, engineer and composer for Reveal. He supervises post-production and composes original music for the public radio show and podcast. He also leads Reveal's efforts in composition for data sonification and live performances.

Prior to joining Reveal in 2014, Briggs mixed and recorded for clients such as WNYC Studios, NPR, the CBC and American Public Media. Credits include “Marketplace,” “Selected Shorts,” “Death, Sex & Money,” “The Longest Shortest Time,” NPR’s “Ask Me Another,” “Radiolab,” “Freakonomics Radio” and “Soundcheck.” He also was the sound re-recording mixer and sound editor for several PBS television documentaries, including “American Experience: Walt Whitman,” the 2012 Tea Party documentary "Town Hall" and “The Supreme Court” miniseries. His music credits include albums by R.E.M., Paul Simon and Kelly Clarkson.

Briggs' work with Reveal has been recognized with an Emmy Award (2016) and two Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Awards (2018, 2019). Previously, he was part of the team that won the Dart Award for Excellence in Coverage of Trauma for its work on WNYC’s hourlong documentary special “Living 9/11.” He has taught sound, radio and music production at The New School and Eugene Lang College and has a master's degree in media studies from The New School. Briggs is based in Reveal's Emeryville, California, office.

Fernando Arruda is a sound designer, engineer and composer for Reveal. As a multi-instrumentalist, he contributes to the original music, editing and mixing of the weekly public radio show and podcast. He has held four O-1 visas for individuals with extraordinary abilities. His work has been recognized with Peabody, duPont-Columbia, Edward R. Murrow, Gerald Loeb, Third Coast and Association of Music Producers awards, as well as Emmy and Pulitzer nominations. Prior to joining Reveal, Arruda toured as an international DJ and taught music technology at Dubspot and ESRA International Film School. He worked at Antfood, a creative audio studio for media and TV ads, and co-founded a film-scoring boutique called the Manhattan Composers Collective. He worked with clients such as Marvel, MasterClass and Samsung and ad agencies such as Framestore, Trollbäck+Company, BUCK and Vice. Arruda releases experimental music under the alias FJAZZ and has performed with many jazz, classical and pop ensembles, such as SFJAZZ Monday Night Band, Art&Sax quartet, Krychek, Dark Inc. and the New York Arabic Orchestra. His credits in the podcast and radio world include NPR’s “51 Percent,” WNYC’s “Bad Feminist Happy Hour” and its live broadcast of Orson Welles’ “The Hitchhiker,” Wondery’s “Detective Trapp,” MSNBC’s “Why Is This Happening?” and NBC’s “Born to Rule,” to name a few. Arruda also has a wide catalog of composed music for theatrical, orchestral and chamber music formats, some of which has premiered worldwide. He holds a master’s degree in film scoring and composition from NYU Steinhardt. The original music he makes with Jim Briggs for Reveal can be found on Bandcamp.

Claire Mullen worked at The Center for Investigative Reporting until September 2017. is an associate sound designer and audio engineer for Reveal. Before joining Reveal, she was an assistant producer at Radio Ambulante and worked with KALW, KQED, the Association of Independents in Radio and the San Francisco Bay Guardian. She studied humanities and media studies at Scripps College.

Al Letson is a playwright, performer, screenwriter, journalist, and the host of Reveal. Soul-stirring, interdisciplinary work has garnered Letson national recognition and devoted fans.

Amanda Pike (she/her) is the director of the TV and documentary department and executive producer of films and series at Reveal. Under her leadership, The Center for Investigative Reporting garnered its first Academy Award nomination and four national Emmys, among other accolades. She was the executive producer of the inaugural year of the Glassbreaker Films initiative, supporting women in documentary filmmaking and investigative journalism. She has spent the past two decades reporting and producing documentaries for PBS, CBS, ABC, National Geographic, A&E, Lifetime and The Learning Channel, among others. Subjects have ranged from militia members in Utah to young entrepreneurs in Egypt and genocide perpetrators in Cambodia. Pike also has dabbled in fiction filmmaking, producing the short film “On the Assassination of the President,” which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. She is a graduate of Princeton University and the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism. She is based in Reveal's Emeryville, California, office.

David Ritsher is the senior editor for TV and documentaries for Reveal. He has produced and edited award-winning investigative documentaries for over 15 years, on subjects ranging from loose nukes in Russia to Latino gangs in Northern California. His work has appeared on FRONTLINE, PBS NewsHour, ABC News, National Geographic, Discovery, KQED and other national broadcast outlets. Before joining CIR, David was the coordinating producer for FRONTLINE/World for over six broadcast seasons and championed much of its experimentation with video on the web.