Here are the given functions:
$ e^x $ $\rm ln $ $ x^2 $ $ \surd$ $\rm sin$ $\rm asin$ $\rm cos$ $\rm acos$ $\rm tan$ $\rm atan$
These functions can be contructed from those:
$ |x| $ $ \, : ~~~ x $ $ x^2 $ $x^2$ $ \surd$ $|x|$ $\raise-1ex\strut$
$ 1{+}x $ $ : ~~~ x $
$ \surd$ $\surd x$
$\rm atan$ $ \theta $ ($\tan \theta = \surd x$)
$\rm cos$ $ \frac1{\sqrt{1+x}} $
$\rm ln $ $ -\ln \sqrt{1+x} $
$ |x| $ (as constructed) $ \ln \sqrt{1+x} $
$ e^x $ $ \sqrt{1+x} $
$ x^2 $ $1+x$
This gets to 3:
0 $ 1{+}x $ 1 $ 1{+}x $ 2 $ 1{+}x $ 3
To convert 3 to -3, see Gareth McCaughan’s answerGareth McCaughan’s answer or the combined wiki postcombined wiki post.