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From spins to fields
In statistical field theory, one usually considers the so-called Landau Hamiltonian:
$$\beta H = \int d^{d}x\bigg{[}\frac{t}{2}m^{2}(x) + \alpha m^{4}(x)+\frac{\beta}{2}(\nabla m)^{2}+\cdots+ \vec{h}\...