Questions tagged [bosons]
Bosons are integer-spin particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics. Two bosons can occupy the same quantum state.
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Physical meaning of symmetric and antisymmetric wavefunction
On describing Bosons and Fermions, the symmetry of wavefunction is introduced first. Here, If two particles a and b, are in two states n and k respectively, we get the wavefunction individually. On ...
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Do Helium-4 atoms behave like photons?
I know that the Helium-4 atom is a boson. Does this mean that, like photons, many Helium-4 atoms can be placed at the same point in space?
How its possible? It includes fermions (Protons, Neutrons, ...
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What exactly does it mean for two bosons to be in the same state?
If I understand QM correctly, it's a fact that two bosons can have the same wave function in principle. What I'm wondering is if the particles governed by the wave functions can also be in the same ...
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Why do heavy bosons have less range?
Why is it that there's a precise relationship between the mass of a mediator particle and its range? Because mass shouldn't directly affect decay time, right?
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Superpose two spatially separated single-photons into the same spatically mode
Consider two single photons, and let the states of them be $|H,A; V,B\rangle$. Here, $|H, A; V,B\rangle$ means that a horizontally-polarized single photon state is highly localized in spatial mode $A$ ...
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Vacuum expectation of polynomial of bosonic creation and annihilation operators [duplicate]
Let $\hat{a}^\dagger,\hat{a}$ be creation and annihilation operators with commutator
$$
[\hat{a},\hat{a}^\dagger] = 1.
$$
Let $|0\rangle$ be vacuum state that
$$
\hat{a} |0\rangle=0.
$$
Let $\beta$ be ...
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Number Operator "Ordering" for Higher Order Bosonic Operators
I'm considering the algebra of a single harmonic oscillator where $[\hat{a},\hat{a}^\dagger]=\hat{\mathbb{I}}$. Typically, one is interested in normal, antinormal or symmetric ordering. I am ...
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Boundary-condition-changing Operators for Free Boson BCFT with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions (or more general BCFTs)?
Is there any literature about boundary-condition-changing (b.c.c.) operators for the Free Boson with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions? The b.c.c. operators I'm interested in would replace boundary ...
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Permanent operation's result
N-body fermionic systems are constructed by Slater determinant, and it is equal to Vandermonde polynomial. Are there any special polynomial for the permanent which is used to construct N-body ...
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What's the relationship between wavefunction (anti-)symmetrization and entanglement? [duplicate]
Wavefunction symmetrization for bosons, or antisymmetrization for fermions, renders the wavefunction no longer a simple tensor product, i.e. it is no longer separable. This is the same thing that ...
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How does the CDF II $W$ boson mass measurement position itself relative to previous measurements?
The paper High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector compares their results to the results of previous measurements in Fig. 5. While they show this visual comparison, ...
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Was the singularity a boson? [closed]
I was wondering if there is any truth in the perspective that the singularity point at the beginning of our universe would be considered a boson.
I have heard it said that the universe at that one ...
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$Z$ bosons coupling to other $Z$ bosons
I'm learning about Higgs boson production at the moment. One way that it's produced is by 'vector boson associated production' or VH, which has this Feynman diagram:
What I'm wondering is: how can $Z$...
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Expressing the spin-1/2 operators in terms of the quantum rotor variables
In this paper, a spin-1/2 Hamiltonian is introduced on a cubic lattice [Eq. (12)]:
$$
H_c = -J \sum_{\Box} (S_1^+ S_2^-S_3^+S_4^- + \text{H.c.}),
$$
where the sum runs over all plaquettes of the cubic ...
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Qubits vs Fermions, Bosons and Anyons [closed]
I found out recently that qubits are different from fermions, bosons and anyons. And, which is why we use Jordan-Wigner Transformation to map them to their fermioinc counterpart. I think I am trying ...
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