Mathematical methods, especially deductive formal logic, have been used in philosophy. But is it possible to get a probable proof using the method of philosophical argument?

I'm a mathematician, and I'm trying to expand my understanding of the philosophical basis of mathematics. Mathematics is very much taught axiomatically establishing deductive theories, but philosophy seems to suggest that there are additional ways to establish good arguments.

Mathematical methods, especially deductive formal logic, have been used in philosophy. But is it possible to get a probable proof using the method of philosophical argument?

Mathematical methods, especially formal logic, have been used in philosophy. But is it possible to get a probable proof using the method of philosophical argument?

Mathematical methods, especially deductive formal logic, have been used in philosophy. But is it possible to get a probable proof using the method of philosophical argument?