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  • "Many specific sentences of the form P ∨ ¬P are constructively provable" But how is it possible to prove empirically that Alice's phone is either dead or not dead? I would have thought we take this as true only because it is an instance of a logical truth accepted as such. I think I certainly do. Commented Sep 18, 2023 at 9:56
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    @Speakpigeon: LEM is one very abstract way to justify it, but another is as a piece of empirical knowledge, analogous to the assumption “Alice’s phone weights more than 1 nanogram”. Philosophically one might see these as weakly justified by induction — but in a court or any other real-world context, that’s beside the point, and they would be accepted as common knowledge. Commented Sep 18, 2023 at 13:52