The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (OKR) is The World Bank’s official open access repository for its research outputs and knowledge products.
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Total publications: 37,539
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Publication Serbia - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18) World Bank; The International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentPromoting gender equality and enhancing women’s involvement in the economy are crucial for Serbia’s growth trajectory. It’s vital to actively engage, cultivate, and fully utilize the diverse skills and potential of the population, especially those currently inactive in the workforce, to reduce poverty and foster shared prosperity. Over the past decade, Serbia has made strides in gender equality, evident in reduced educational disparities, improved life expectancy for women, increased political engagement among women, and lower birth rates. However, significant gaps persist in areas such as employment, business ownership, wage disparities, gender-segregated jobs, unpaid domestic work, and instances of gender-based violence. This Country Gender Assessment provides empirical evidence and analyzes gender equality in Serbia. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). Through this framework, the report examines recent progress and ongoing challenges across three critical dimensions: Endowments, Economic Opportunities, and Voice and Agency. Extensive research was conducted, drawing from various data sources to assess indicators such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence, among others. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication North Macedonia - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18) World Bank; The International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentPromoting gender equality and increasing women’s participation in the economy are vital for North Macedonia’s development. Actively involving and fully utilizing the diverse skills of the population, especially those currently not in the workforce, is key to reducing poverty and achieving equitable wealth distribution. Despite progress in institutional mechanisms and policy frameworks for gender equality over the past decade, implementation still faces significant challenges. While the gender gap has narrowed in sectors like health and education, persistent disparities remain in economic opportunities, unpaid household responsibilities, property rights, political engagement, and leadership roles. Promoting gender equality in North Macedonia offers substantial opportunities. Apart from being inherently fair, advancing gender equality is essential for fostering inclusive growth and reducing poverty. Improving women’s economic prospects, access to resources, and empowerment is critical for addressing key policy challenges in North Macedonia, including boosting labor productivity, stimulating private sector development, and enhancing resilience. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Bosnia and Herzegovina - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18) World Bank; The International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentFostering gender equality and enabling women’s economic participation is critical for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s development trajectory. Actively engaging, nurturing, and optimizing the diverse talents and capabilities of the population, especially of inactive segments, is paramount to sustained progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. Over the past decade, Bosnia, and Herzegovina (BiH) has made strides in gender equality, including narrowing gender gaps in education, increasing female life expectancy and female political participation, and reducing fertility rates. However, significant disparities persist in the labor market, entrepreneurship, earnings, occupational segregation, unpaid labor, and violence against women. This Country Gender Assessment provides empirical evidence and analyzes gender equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). Through this lens, the report scrutinizes recent progress and lingering challenges across three critical dimensions: Endowments, Economic opportunities, and Voice and Agency. Extensive research was conducted drawing from various data sources to gauge indicators such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence, among others. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Kosovo - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18) World Bank; The International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentFostering gender equality and enabling women’s economic participation is critical for Kosovo’s development trajectory. Actively engaging, nurturing, and optimizing the diverse talents and capabilities of the population, especially of inactive segments is paramount to sustained progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. In the last decades, Kosovo has seen some progress in gender equality, including reduced gender gaps in education, increased female life expectancy, and a slight uptick in political participation. However, disparities persist in various areas, including the labor market, entrepreneurship, earnings, occupational segregation, unpaid labor, and violence against women. This Country Gender Assessment provides empirical evidence and analyzes gender equality in Kosovo. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). Through this lens, the report scrutinizes recent progress and lingering challenges across three critical dimensions: Endowments, Economic opportunities, and Voice and Agency. Extensive research was conducted drawing from various data sources to gauge indicators such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence, among others. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Montenegro - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18) World Bank; The International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentMontenegro has made significant strides in promoting gender equality since gaining independence. Improving women’s status is crucial for overall societal development, and Montenegro has seen progress in various sectors, including education, health, and mortality rates. However, disparities persist in the labor market, entrepreneurship, earnings, and unpaid labor. This Country Gender Assessment analyzes gender equality in Montenegro using the framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). The report examines recent progress and challenges across three dimensions: Endowments, Economic Opportunities, and Voice and Agency, drawing on extensive research and data from sources such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.
