Teleportation was a term for traveling from one location to another almost instantaneously. Numerous advanced cultures had this capability through the use of transporter technology. A device facilitating teleportation might be known as a teleporter.
To Henry Starling of 20th century Earth, teleportation was synonymous with transporter technology, and he labeled USS Voyager's transporter a teleporter. (VOY: "Future's End")
Emory Erickson, father of the transporter, similarly dreamed about sub-quantum teleportation, which was to be accomplished using a transporter and was referred to by T'Pol as "sub-quantum transporting" instead. (ENT: "Daedalus")
The Q were capable of teleportation. In 2369, Q asked fellow Q Amanda Rogers whether she had tried teleportation, among other Q-powers, on purpose. (TNG: "True Q")
On rare occasions, the phrase "teleporter incoming" might be used when someone beamed aboard a ship using a Starfleet transporter. (DIS: "An Obol for Charon")
There are a number of instances of advanced beings being able to transport things and beings from one place to another, instantaneous and without transporter-like visual effects. These capabilities were not explained to be the result of advanced transporter technology and might be considered teleportation even if that term was not used. Examples include the master thrall Galt of Triskelion who was able to teleport himself, Armus of Vagra II which was able to teleport things from one place to another but limited to the surface of the planet, and the Pahvan, a cloud-like species who apparently made Tyler materialize out of a cloud similar to their own appearance.
In the script of TNG: "When The Bough Breaks", it was explained that each room on Aldea had a "Teleporting Arch" through which people could move from place to place on their planet simply by stepping into it and stating their destination. In the finished room, the Aldeans still used a beaming-like technology to go enter and exit rooms, but no teleporting arch as such was featured.