Reconstructive surgery was a type of surgery that sought to restore damaged or defective body parts.
In 2370, following a venom attack from a Barclay's Protomorphosis Syndrome-afflicted Worf, Beverly Crusher required reconstructive surgery. (TNG: "Genesis")
In 2377, Chakotay noted that The Doctor was skilled at reconstructive surgery when he underwent cosmetic surgery to pose as "Amal Kotay" (an alias) on Quarra so he could locate his fellow USS Voyager crewmembers. (VOY: "Workforce")