An Aztec-type pyramid used by Kukulkan
Egyptian pyramids seen in the resetting time stream
Pyramids were pyramid-shaped architectural structures. According to Jean-Luc Picard, pyramids were "a symbol of colossal vanity". (PIC: "Remembrance")
On Earth, pyramids were built by numerous Human cultures, including Egyptians, Mayans, and Aztec. Pyramids were part of the city designed by Kukulkan. All of the ancient Human cultures influenced by Kukulkan built some type of pyramid, although none of them did it in the perfect way that he had planned. (TAS: "How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth")
One pyramid of note was the Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt. After Archer restored a damaged timeline, it and neighboring pyramids could be seen in the timestream as the timeline realigned itself. (ENT: "Cold Front", "Storm Front, Part II"; TOS: "The City on the Edge of Forever")
Another prominent pyramid-shaped structure on Earth was the Transamerica Pyramid. (VOY: "Non Sequitur", et al.)
Although never mentioned in any of the series or films, it was clearly shown as part of the San Francisco skyline in a number of episodes and films.
Pyramid-shaped structures were also found on Ventax II and in the city of Urquat on the Loque'eque homeworld. (TNG: "Devil's Due"; ENT: "Extinction")
A painting of a landscape with pyramid
There was at some point a painting of a landscape with a steep pyramid in the USS Enterprise officers' lounge. (TOS: "Is There in Truth No Beauty?"
In The Star Trek Saga: From One Generation To The Next, Gene Roddenberry ruled out any possible story lines regarding alien influence in the construction of Earth's pyramids. He stated, "No, ancient astronauts did not build the pyramids. Human beings built them, because they're clever and they work hard. And Star Trek is about those things."