A medical analysis was a procedure to determine more information about a biological subject.
In 1968, the time traveling USS Enterprise intercepted the transporter beam of Gary Seven. Ordered to security confinement, Seven resisted by attacking a security team, Lieutenant Commander Spock, and Chief Engineer Montgomery Scott before being stunned by Captain James T. Kirk. As Seven was escorted away from the transporter room, Kirk ordered Doctor Leonard McCoy to quickly perform a medical analysis to determine if Seven was Human or not. McCoy later reported that the sensor readings seemed too good: Human, but not a single physical flaw with his body. (TOS: "Assignment: Earth")