Derelection of duty was an offense that Starfleet officers and Klingon Defense Force members could be charged with.
In 2152, Jonathan Archer bluffed Plinn by suggesting that conduct unbecoming an officer and dereliction of duty were grievous offenses on Enterprise NX-01, warranting the death penalty. (ENT: "Precious Cargo")
Trelane accused Captain James T. Kirk in 2266 of being "quite derelict in your social duties," for not properly introducing his landing party. (TOS: "The Squire of Gothos")
In 2270, Spock playfully accused Doctor Leonard McCoy of being derelict in his duties by not dispensing vitamin rations to the crew of the USS Enterprise. McCoy found his accusations unfair, considering that he had been detained in a Dramen prison as a result of the auroral plague, which he was attempting to find a cure for. (TAS: "Albatross")