Perhaps a little broader in range/scope than the original question intended — but then again, perhaps not — the essays collected in

Mathématiques, mathematiciens et société. Publications Mathématiques d'Orsay no. 86 74-16 (1974)

I was led to this when someone somewhere posted a link to Vergne's Témoignage d'une mathématicienne, which is one of the essays in this volume, and — I must confess — is the only one I've read, although the other ones do look interesting