Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays, and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds) and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
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References
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Acknowledgements
This review was done under the framework of the French collective scientific assessment (CSA) about “the impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services” coordinated by INRAE and Ifremer for the French Ministries of Ecology, for Research, and for Agriculture. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Thierry Caquet, the INRAE scientific Director of Environment, and the general directorate of the Ifremer; Dr. Guy Richard, head of the INRAE Directorate for Collective Scientific Assessment, Foresight and Advanced Studies (DEPE); the librarians Anne-Laure Achard (INRAE), Morgane Le Gall (Ifremer), and Sophie Le Perchec (INRAE) for the paper collection and the bibliometric analysis; and Lucile Wargniez for illustrations.
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This work was funded by the French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national Ecophyto plan.
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Laure Mamy, Stéphane Pesce, Wilfried Sanchez, Stéphanie Aviron, Carole Bedos, Philippe Berny, Colette Bertrand, Stéphane Betoulle, Sandrine Charles, Arnaud Chaumot, Michael Coeurdassier, Marie-Agnès Coutellec, Olivier Crouzet, Juliette Faburé, Clémentine Fritsch, Patrice Gonzalez, Mickael Hedde, Christophe Leboulanger, Christelle Margoum, Christian Mougin, Dominique Munaron, Sylvie Nélieu, Céline Pelosi, Magali Rault, Eliott Sucré, Marielle Thomas, Julien Tournebize, and Sophie Leenhardt performed the review of the literature. Laure Mamy drafted the first version of the manuscript based on this original contribution. Laure Mamy, Stéphane Pesce, Wilfried Sanchez, Stéphanie Aviron, Carole Bedos, Philippe Berny, Colette Bertrand, Stéphane Betoulle, Sandrine Charles, Arnaud Chaumot, Michael Coeurdassier, Marie-Agnès Coutellec, Olivier Crouzet, Juliette Faburé, Clémentine Fritsch, Patrice Gonzalez, Mickael Hedde, Christophe Leboulanger, Christelle Margoum, Christian Mougin, Dominique Munaron, Sylvie Nélieu, Céline Pelosi, Magali Rault, Eliott Sucré, Marielle Thomas, Julien Tournebize, and Sophie Leenhardt contributed to subsequent revisions to the manuscript. All authors approved the final submitted version.
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Mamy, L., Pesce, S., Sanchez, W. et al. Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3