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George Mason University will be the home of the $19.5 million recently approved Landolt NASA Space Mission that will put an artificial “star” in orbit around the Earth. This artificial star will allow scientists to calibrate telescopes and more accurately measure the brightness of stars ranging from those nearby to the distant explosions of supernova in far-off galaxies By establishing absolute flux calibration, the mission will begin to address several open challenges in astrophysics including the speed and acceleration of the universe expansion.

Named for late astronomer Arlo Landolt, who put together widely used catalogs of stellar brightness in 1973, 1982 and 1992  and passed away in 2022, this mission will launch a light source into the sky in 2029 with a known emission rate of photons, and the team will observe it next to real stars to make new stellar brightness catalogs. The artificial star will orbit earth 22,236 miles up, far enough away to look like a star to telescopes back on Earth. This orbit also allows it to move at the same speed of the Earth’s rotation, keeping it in place over the United States during its first year in space.

The payload will be built in partnership with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a world leader in measuring photon emissions. Mason faculty and students from Mason’s College of Science and College of Engineering and Computing will work together with NASA, NIST, and nine other organizations for a first-of-its-kind project for a university in the Washington, D.C., area.

With mission control based at Mason on its Fairfax Campus, the team also includes Blue Canyon Technologies; California Institute of Technology; Lawrence Berkely National Lab; Mississippi State University; Montreal Planetarium and iREx/University of Montreal; the University of Florida; the University of Hawaiʻi; the University of Minnesota, Duluth; and the University of Victoria.

Insights from our Researchers:

Eliad Peretz

This mission is focused on measuring fundamental properties that are used daily in astronomical observations. It might impact and change the way we measure or understand the properties of stars, surface temperatures, and the habitability of exoplanets.

Eliad Peretz
Deputy Principal Investigator, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Peter Plavchan

When we look at a star with a telescope, no one can tell you today the rate of photons or brightness coming from it with the desired level of accuracy. We will now know exactly how many photons-per-second come out of this source to .25 percent accuracy.

Peter Plavchan
Principal Investigator, George Mason University, College of Science

Susana Deustua

"Flux calibration is essential for astronomical research. We constantly ask: ‘How big? How bright? How far?’ and then ponder: ‘What is the universe made of? Are we alone?’ Accurate answers require precise measurements and excellent instrument characterization,”

Susana Deustua
Physical Scientist, NIST Remote Sensing Group

Peter Pachowicz

This is an incredibly exciting opportunity for Mason and our students. Our team will design, build, and integrate the payload, which—because it’s going very high into geostationary orbit—must handle incredible challenges.

Peter Pachowicz
George Mason University, College of Engineering and Computing

Greg Aldering

Major new telescopes – like the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory – intend to measure the expansion history of the universe using the brightnesses of supernovae. However, errors in brightness calibration across wavelengths could lead to incorrect measurements. LANDOLT will solve this problem by providing telescopes with light of known brightness

Greg Aldering
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Physics Division

Jonathan Gagné

Being a part of this space mission along with brilliant experts by contributing to target selection and data analysis is an exciting prospect.The impact that the Landolt mission will have in different areas of astrophysics, notably in exoplanet characterization and in measuring the accelerating expansion of the Universe, will be particularly important

Jonathan Gagné
University of Montreal, Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets (IREx)

David Ciardi

Landolt is an exciting opportunity to enable absolute calibration in astronomy at an unprecedented level. For as long as people have looked up at the night sky, a fundamental question has always been: what is the true brightness of that star?  Even with today’s modern instruments, true brightness calibration has only been good to a few percent, and Landolt will enable an improvement by more than a factor of 10.  Understanding the true brightness of stars allows to understand the stars better – and, perhaps more importantly, understand the planets that orbit the stars better. Landolt has the opportunity to change astronomy for the relatively minimal cost of a PIONEER program.

David Ciardi
IPAC-Caltech-California Institute of Technology, NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI)

Daniel Huber

The measurements by Landolt will enable tremendous progress for a wide range of ground-based astronomical observations.

Daniel Huber
University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy

Justin Albert

The University of Victoria is excited to bring what we've learned from the CSA-funded, UVic-led ORCASat CubeSat satellite mission in 2023 to the new, larger NASA-funded and George Mason University-led Landolt mission for the satellite calibration of ground-based astronomical observatories, as an institutional Collaborator on Landolt.

Justin Albert
University of Victoria, Physics and Astronomy

NExScI Team

Even with today’s modern instruments, true brightness calibration has only been good to a few percent, and Landolt will enable an improvement by more than a factor of 10.  Understanding the true brightness of stars allows to understand the stars better – and, perhaps more importantly, understand the planets that orbit the stars better.

NExScI team
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI)

Peter Plavchan
Landolt Mission Principal Investigator

George Mason University - College of Science

Eliad Peretz
Landolt Mission Deputy Principal Investigator

NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center

Peter Pachowicz

George Mason University - College of Engineering and Computing

Susana E. Deustua

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Allison Youngblood

NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center

Angelle Tanner
Landolt Mission Project Scientist

Mississippi State

Brian G. Alberding

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Brian Stalder

Vera C. Rubin Observatory

Daniel Huber

University of Hawaiʻi

Daniel Küsters

University of California, Berkeley

Daniel Stevens

University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD)

David R. Ciardi

California Institute of Technology (CalTech)

Gordon Squires

California Institute of Technology (CalTech)

Greg Aldering

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Jackson Hogoboom

Blue Canyon Technologies (BCT)

Jamie Tayar

University of Florida

Jessie Christiansen

California Institute of Technology (CalTech)

John C. Mather

NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center

John P. Wisniewski

NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center

Jonathan Gagné

Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets,
Montreal Planetarium, and iREx/University of Montreal

Joseph P. Rice

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Justin Albert

University of Victoria (Uvic)

Michael B. Lund

California Institute of Technology (CalTech)

Peter Kurczynski

NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center

Sara Seager

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Tabetha Boyajian

Louisiana State University