Adi Sharabani

A method, apparatus and product for potential attack detection based on dummy network traffic. One embodiment includes a method comprising analyzing an activity, wherein the activity is performed in response to a message, wherein the message is transmitted by a first application that is executed by a computing device, wherein the computing device is connected to a computerized network, wherein the first application is configured to transmit the message in order to induce a potential attacker to… Show more

A method, apparatus and product for potential attack detection based on dummy network traffic. One embodiment includes a method comprising analyzing an activity, wherein the activity is performed in response to a message, wherein the message is transmitted by a first application that is executed by a computing device, wherein the computing device is connected to a computerized network, wherein the first application is configured to transmit the message in order to induce a potential attacker to perform a malicious activity, wherein said analyzing comprises comparing the activity to a predetermined expected activity in response to the message; and determining, based on the analysis of the activity, that a second application is under a potential attack; whereby an operation of the first application is capable of exposing potential attacks on the second application without monitoring network traffic of the second application. Show less

A method, apparatus and product that provide a access control system for mobile devices. The mobile device performing: selecting a proxy to handle a request to a remote server, the request is issued by a program being executed by the mobile device, wherein the proxy is configured to perform a security action in response to the request; and sending the request to the proxy; whereby selectively performing the predetermined security action on a portion of the requests issued by the mobile device… Show more

A method, apparatus and product that provide a access control system for mobile devices. The mobile device performing: selecting a proxy to handle a request to a remote server, the request is issued by a program being executed by the mobile device, wherein the proxy is configured to perform a security action in response to the request; and sending the request to the proxy; whereby selectively performing the predetermined security action on a portion of the requests issued by the mobile device. Additionally or alternatively, a computer performing: receiving from a mobile device, an instruction to provide a Proxy Auto Config (PAC) file; and generating a PAC file that comprises a function which is configured to receive a URL and return a proxy to handle a request to the URL, wherein the proxy is configured to perform a security action in response to receiving a request. Show less

A method, product and system for selective encryption in a mobile device. The method comprising: selectively encrypting requests issued by the mobile device, wherein said selectively encrypting comprises: obtaining a request issued by an application executed by the mobile device, the request having one or more characteristics, the request has a destination; determining, based on the one or more characteristics, whether to encrypt the request; and in response to a determination to encrypt the… Show more

A method, product and system for selective encryption in a mobile device. The method comprising: selectively encrypting requests issued by the mobile device, wherein said selectively encrypting comprises: obtaining a request issued by an application executed by the mobile device, the request having one or more characteristics, the request has a destination; determining, based on the one or more characteristics, whether to encrypt the request; and in response to a determination to encrypt the request, re-routing the request to be transmitted to the destination through a secure channel; whereby the request is encrypted regardless of the destination being a priori associated with the secure channel. Show less

Systems, methods are program products for simulating black box test results using information obtained from white box testing, including analyzing computer software (e.g., an application) to identify a potential vulnerability within the computer software application and a plurality of milestones associated with the potential vulnerability, where each of the milestones indicates a location within the computer software application, tracing a path from a first one of the milestones to an entry… Show more

Systems, methods are program products for simulating black box test results using information obtained from white box testing, including analyzing computer software (e.g., an application) to identify a potential vulnerability within the computer software application and a plurality of milestones associated with the potential vulnerability, where each of the milestones indicates a location within the computer software application, tracing a path from a first one of the milestones to an entry point into the computer software application, identifying an input to the entry point that would result in a control flow from the entry point and through each of the milestones, describing the potential vulnerability in a description indicating the entry point and the input, and presenting the description via a computer-controlled output medium. Show less

Preventing Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) security attacks on a server in a client-server environment. In one aspect, this comprises embedding a nonce and a script in all responses from the server to the client wherein, when executed, the script adds the nonce to each request from the client to the server; sending the response with the nonce and the script to the client; and verifying that each request from the client includes the nonce sent by the server from the server to the client. The… Show more

Preventing Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) security attacks on a server in a client-server environment. In one aspect, this comprises embedding a nonce and a script in all responses from the server to the client wherein, when executed, the script adds the nonce to each request from the client to the server; sending the response with the nonce and the script to the client; and verifying that each request from the client includes the nonce sent by the server from the server to the client. The script preferably modifies all objects, including dynamically generated objects, in a server response that may generate future requests to the server to add the nonce to the requests. The server verifies the nonce value in a request and optionally confirms the request with the client if the value is not the same as the value previously sent by the server. Server-side aspects might be embodied in the server or a proxy between the server and the client.
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Determining the vulnerability of computer software applications to attacks by identifying a defense-related variable within a computer software application that is assigned results of a defense operation defending against a predefined type of attack, identifying a control-flow predicate dominating a security-sensitive operation within the application, identifying a data-flow dependent variable in the application that is data-flow dependent on the defense-related variable, determining whether… Show more

Determining the vulnerability of computer software applications to attacks by identifying a defense-related variable within a computer software application that is assigned results of a defense operation defending against a predefined type of attack, identifying a control-flow predicate dominating a security-sensitive operation within the application, identifying a data-flow dependent variable in the application that is data-flow dependent on the defense-related variable, determining whether the control-flow predicate uses the data-flow dependent variable to make a branching decision and whether a control-flow path leading to the security-sensitive operation is taken only if the data-flow dependent variable is compared against a value of a predefined type, determining that the security-sensitive operation is safe from the attack if both control-flow conditions are true, and determining that the application is safe from the attack if all security-sensitive operations in the application are determined to be safe from the attack. Show less

A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for detecting and monitoring server side state during the scanning of a web application. The method includes: monitoring executed code of the web application while scanning the web application; retrieving code coverage information from the monitoring of the executed code and retrieving scanning information from the scanning of the web application; correlating the code coverage information with the scanning information; and… Show more

A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for detecting and monitoring server side state during the scanning of a web application. The method includes: monitoring executed code of the web application while scanning the web application; retrieving code coverage information from the monitoring of the executed code and retrieving scanning information from the scanning of the web application; correlating the code coverage information with the scanning information; and determining a change in the server side state based on the correlation. The system includes one or more devices that executes the steps of the method. The computer program products includes computer program instructions stored on a computer readable storage medium, where the instructions, when executed, will cause a computer to perform the steps of the methods. Show less

Identifying a security vulnerability in a computer software application by identifying at least one source in a computer software application, identifying at least one sink in the computer software application, identifying at least one input to any of the sinks, determining whether the input derives its value directly or indirectly from any of the sources, determining a set of possible values for the input, and identifying a security vulnerability where the set of possible values for the input… Show more

Identifying a security vulnerability in a computer software application by identifying at least one source in a computer software application, identifying at least one sink in the computer software application, identifying at least one input to any of the sinks, determining whether the input derives its value directly or indirectly from any of the sources, determining a set of possible values for the input, and identifying a security vulnerability where the set of possible values for the input does not match a predefined specification of legal values associated with the sink input. Show less

Access-control and information-flow integrity policies are enforced in a computing system by detecting security-sensitive sinks in software code for an application running on the computing system and retrieving an access-control policy from a database accessible to the computing system. The access-control policy maps a set of access permissions within the computing system to each one of a plurality of principals. For each detected security-sensitive sink, all principals that influence that… Show more

Access-control and information-flow integrity policies are enforced in a computing system by detecting security-sensitive sinks in software code for an application running on the computing system and retrieving an access-control policy from a database accessible to the computing system. The access-control policy maps a set of access permissions within the computing system to each one of a plurality of principals. For each detected security-sensitive sink, all principals that influence that security-sensitive sink are detected and an overall access permission is assigned to each security-sensitive sink by taking the intersection of the access permission sets for all influencing principals of that security-sensitive sink. If this permission set is inadequate, an integrity violation is reported. In addition, permission labels are assigned to each value of variables used in the security-sensitive sinks. Each permission label is a set of permissions. Show less

A system for eliminating false reports of security vulnerabilities when testing computer software, including a taint analysis engine configured to identify a tainted variable v in a computer application, a data mapping identification engine configured to identify a variable x within the application that holds data derived from v, where x is in a different format than v, an AddData identification engine configured to identify an AddData operation within the application that is performed on x, a… Show more

A system for eliminating false reports of security vulnerabilities when testing computer software, including a taint analysis engine configured to identify a tainted variable v in a computer application, a data mapping identification engine configured to identify a variable x within the application that holds data derived from v, where x is in a different format than v, an AddData identification engine configured to identify an AddData operation within the application that is performed on x, a signature identification engine configured to identify a Sign operation within the application that is performed on the results of the AddData operation on x, a signature comparison identification engine configured to identify an operation within the application that compares the results of the Sign operation with another value. Show less

A system and method for static detection and categorization of information-flow downgraders includes transforming a program stored in a memory device by statically analyzing program variables to yield a single assignment to each variable in an instruction set. The instruction set is translated to production rules with string operations. A context-free grammar is generated from the production rules to identify a finite set of strings. An information-flow downgrader function is identified by… Show more

A system and method for static detection and categorization of information-flow downgraders includes transforming a program stored in a memory device by statically analyzing program variables to yield a single assignment to each variable in an instruction set. The instruction set is translated to production rules with string operations. A context-free grammar is generated from the production rules to identify a finite set of strings. An information-flow downgrader function is identified by checking the finite set of strings against one or more function specifications. Show less

Crawling a browser-accessible application by causing a target application and a bridge application to run concurrently in a browser-controllable player, and iteratively receiving from the bridge application current state information of the target application, storing the state information on a data storage device if the state information is not found on the data storage device, where the state information is stored as a descendant state of an initial state of the target application, and… Show more

Crawling a browser-accessible application by causing a target application and a bridge application to run concurrently in a browser-controllable player, and iteratively receiving from the bridge application current state information of the target application, storing the state information on a data storage device if the state information is not found on the data storage device, where the state information is stored as a descendant state of an initial state of the target application, and interacting with the target application in accordance with a predefined simulation algorithm, thereby effecting a new state of the target application, until a predefined termination condition is reached. Show less

Protecting computers against cache poisoning, including a cache-entity table configured to maintain a plurality of associations between a plurality of data caches and a plurality of entities, where each of the caches is associated with a different one of the entities, and a cache manager configured to receive data that is associated with any of the entities and store the received data in any of the caches that the cache-entity table indicates is associated with the entity, and receive a data… Show more

Protecting computers against cache poisoning, including a cache-entity table configured to maintain a plurality of associations between a plurality of data caches and a plurality of entities, where each of the caches is associated with a different one of the entities, and a cache manager configured to receive data that is associated with any of the entities and store the received data in any of the caches that the cache-entity table indicates is associated with the entity, and receive a data request that is associated with any of the entities and retrieve the requested data from any of the caches that the cache-entity table indicates is associated with the requesting entity, where any of the cache-entity table and cache manager are implemented in either of computer hardware and computer software embodied in a computer-readable medium. Show less

Testing a computer software application by identifying a sink in the computer software application, identifying a source associated with the sink in the application, identifying an entry point associated with the source in the application, where the source is configured to receive input provided externally to the application via the entry point, determining a sink type represented by the sink, and providing to a testing application information identifying the entry point and in association with… Show more

Testing a computer software application by identifying a sink in the computer software application, identifying a source associated with the sink in the application, identifying an entry point associated with the source in the application, where the source is configured to receive input provided externally to the application via the entry point, determining a sink type represented by the sink, and providing to a testing application information identifying the entry point and in association with the sink type. Show less

A method for instrumenting a computer program, the method including identifying a program slice within a computer program, and instrumenting the program slice within the program.

Identifying a security breach caused when a computer-based software application uses a computer-based web browser application, including identifying at least one function within a computer-based software application that causes a computer-based web browser application to access data from a source that is external to the software application, at least partially replacing the data with malicious content that is configured to cause a predefined action to occur when the malicious content is… Show more

Identifying a security breach caused when a computer-based software application uses a computer-based web browser application, including identifying at least one function within a computer-based software application that causes a computer-based web browser application to access data from a source that is external to the software application, at least partially replacing the data with malicious content that is configured to cause a predefined action to occur when the malicious content is accessed by the web browser application, where the predefined action is associated with a known security breach when the predefined action occurs subsequent to the malicious content being accessed by the web browser application, causing the software application to perform the function, and determining whether the predefined action is performed. Show less

A transformation tree for an object model (OM) is defined. The transformation tree has nodes interconnected by edges, where each node is connected to at most one other tree node. Each node corresponds to a state of the OM; each edge corresponds to an event causing the OM to transition from the state of one node to the state of another node. A transformation graph for the OM is constructed by simulating the transformation tree. The transformation graph has nodes interconnected by edges, and is a… Show more

A transformation tree for an object model (OM) is defined. The transformation tree has nodes interconnected by edges, where each node is connected to at most one other tree node. Each node corresponds to a state of the OM; each edge corresponds to an event causing the OM to transition from the state of one node to the state of another node. A transformation graph for the OM is constructed by simulating the transformation tree. The transformation graph has nodes interconnected by edges, and is a directed graph in which each node is connected to one or more other nodes. Each node corresponds to a state of the OM; each edge corresponds to an event causing the OM to transition from the state of one node to the state of another node. Crawling-oriented actions are performed in relation to the OM by being performed in relation to the transformation graph. Show less

A method, system, and computer program product for cross-domain access prevention are provided. The method includes detecting a request from a first domain to access a second domain, and applying cross-domain access heuristics to determine whether to allow the request. The cross-domain access heuristics define common ownership characteristics between the first domain and the second domain. The method further includes performing the requested access in response to determining that the request… Show more

A method, system, and computer program product for cross-domain access prevention are provided. The method includes detecting a request from a first domain to access a second domain, and applying cross-domain access heuristics to determine whether to allow the request. The cross-domain access heuristics define common ownership characteristics between the first domain and the second domain. The method further includes performing the requested access in response to determining that the request complies with at least one of the cross-domain access heuristics, and blocking the requested access in response to determining that the request fails to comply with the cross-domain access heuristics. Show less

A web browser security system including a network detector configured to detect when a computer attempts to connect to a computer network, and a data protector configured to move any data predefined as being private data from any private data areas that are accessible to a web browser on the computer to a secure data repository that is not accessible to the web browser, where any of the network detector and the data protector are implemented in either of computer hardware and computer software… Show more

A web browser security system including a network detector configured to detect when a computer attempts to connect to a computer network, and a data protector configured to move any data predefined as being private data from any private data areas that are accessible to a web browser on the computer to a secure data repository that is not accessible to the web browser, where any of the network detector and the data protector are implemented in either of computer hardware and computer software and embodied in a computer-readable medium. Show less

A method for controlling a computer-implemented application, the method including determining a current state of a computer-implemented application, inducing the application into a predefined state associated with a target action of the application if the current state does not match the predefined state in accordance with predefined match criteria, and causing the target action to be performed.

A web-crawler spiders web sites in an automated way, gather and analyze information for different purposes, such as finding gas security, accessibility and quality issues. This automatic navigation is based on identification of visited URLs and discovering new ones. However, URLs of WebSphere Portal applications are encoded and highly dynamic; meaning different URLs may refer to same application content and are encoded. In other words, URLs do not provide any information about the content they… Show more

A web-crawler spiders web sites in an automated way, gather and analyze information for different purposes, such as finding gas security, accessibility and quality issues. This automatic navigation is based on identification of visited URLs and discovering new ones. However, URLs of WebSphere Portal applications are encoded and highly dynamic; meaning different URLs may refer to same application content and are encoded. In other words, URLs do not provide any information about the content they are referring to and always get changed. Due to this encoded and dynamic nature of portal URLs, traditional web crawlers fail to identify visited URLs, which results never ending scan scenario. This invention provides a solution to crawl WebSphere Portal applications automatically by identifying already visited URLs which avoids retrieving same content pointed by the different encoded URLs, while extending the coverage of the scan. Show less

A method includes determining grammar for output of an information-flow downgrader in a software program. The software program directs the output of the information-flow downgrader to a sink. The method includes determining whether the grammar of the output conforms to one or more predetermined specifications of the sink. The method includes, in response to a determination the grammar of the output conforms to the one or more predetermined specifications of the sink, determining the… Show more

A method includes determining grammar for output of an information-flow downgrader in a software program. The software program directs the output of the information-flow downgrader to a sink. The method includes determining whether the grammar of the output conforms to one or more predetermined specifications of the sink. The method includes, in response to a determination the grammar of the output conforms to the one or more predetermined specifications of the sink, determining the information-flow downgrader is verified for the sink, wherein determining grammar, determining whether the grammar, and determining the information-flow downgrader are performed via static analysis of the software program. Apparatus and computer program products are also disclosed. An apparatus includes a user interface providing a result of whether or not output of an information-flow downgrader in the software program conforms to one or more predetermined specifications of a sink in the software program. Show less

In one aspect of the invention a system is provided for injection context based static analysis of computer software applications, the system including a sink selector configured to select a sink within a computer software application, an output stream tracer configured to trace a character output stream leading to the sink within the computer software application, and determine an injection context of the character output stream at the sink, where the injection context is predefined in… Show more

In one aspect of the invention a system is provided for injection context based static analysis of computer software applications, the system including a sink selector configured to select a sink within a computer software application, an output stream tracer configured to trace a character output stream leading to the sink within the computer software application, and determine an injection context of the character output stream at the sink, where the injection context is predefined in association with a state of the character output stream at the sink, and a context action identifier configured to identify any actions that have been predefined in association with the identified injection context, and provide a report of the actions, where the sink selector, output stream tracer, and context action identifier are implemented in at least one of a) computer hardware, and b) computer software embodied in a physically-tangible computer-readable storage medium.

In another aspect of the invention a method is provided for injection context based static analysis of computer software applications, the method including selecting a sink within a computer software application, tracing a character output stream leading to the sink within the computer software application, determining an injection context of the character output stream at the sink, where the injection context is predefined in association with a state of the character output stream at the sink, identifying any actions that have been predefined in association with the identified injection context, and providing a report of the actions. A computer program product embodying the invention is also provided. Show less

A computer implemented method for automatically fixing a security vulnerability in a source code is disclosed. The method includes obtaining identification of code that sends tainted data to corresponding sink code in the source code; and automatically fixing the vulnerability by automatically performing code modification which is selected from the group of code modifications consisting of: code motion and code duplication. Also disclosed are computer program product and data processing system.

This invention encompasses several heuristics used in profiling and understanding the login mechanism used by an web application in an automated fashion.

A crawler including a document retriever configured to retrieve a first computer-based document, a link identifier configured to identify an actual string within the computer-based document as being a hyperlink-type string, and a static analyzer configured to perform static analysis of an operation on a variable within the first computer-based document to identify a possible string value of the variable as being a hyperlink-type string, where any of the strings indicate a location of at least a… Show more

A crawler including a document retriever configured to retrieve a first computer-based document, a link identifier configured to identify an actual string within the computer-based document as being a hyperlink-type string, and a static analyzer configured to perform static analysis of an operation on a variable within the first computer-based document to identify a possible string value of the variable as being a hyperlink-type string, where any of the strings indicate a location of at least a second computer-based document. Show less

A crawler including a document retriever configured to retrieve a first computer-based document, a link identifier configured to identify an actual string within the computer-based document as being a hyperlink-type string, and a static analyzer configured to perform static analysis of an operation on a variable within the first computer-based document to identify a possible string value of the variable as being a hyperlink-type string, where any of the strings indicate a location of at least a… Show more

A crawler including a document retriever configured to retrieve a first computer-based document, a link identifier configured to identify an actual string within the computer-based document as being a hyperlink-type string, and a static analyzer configured to perform static analysis of an operation on a variable within the first computer-based document to identify a possible string value of the variable as being a hyperlink-type string, where any of the strings indicate a location of at least a second computer-based document. Show less