Flash Points
Themed journeys through our archive.

Is Peace Still Attainable?

Experts once thought globalization would ensure peace. Now, they’re looking elsewhere.

By , a senior editor at Foreign Policy.
mcdonalds-war-apocalypse-golden-arches-theory-friedman-conflict-nicolas-ortega-FF_01
mcdonalds-war-apocalypse-golden-arches-theory-friedman-conflict-nicolas-ortega-FF_01
Nicolás Ortega illustration for Foreign Policy

“No two countries that both have a McDonald’s have ever fought a war against each other,” political commentator Thomas Friedman wrote in 1996. Friedman was making a clear connection between a more peaceful world and the growth of global capitalism. Of course, as Paul Musgrave wrote in a 2020 column, that theory turned out to be overly optimistic.

“No two countries that both have a McDonald’s have ever fought a war against each other,” political commentator Thomas Friedman wrote in 1996. Friedman was making a clear connection between a more peaceful world and the growth of global capitalism. Of course, as Paul Musgrave wrote in a 2020 column, that theory turned out to be overly optimistic.

As the world has entered a new era of violent conflict, how are today’s experts thinking about peace? What replaced, in Musgrave’s words, the “glut of glib globalization cheerleading” of the 1990s? In this edition of Flash Points, experts weigh in on the nature of peace, who negotiates it, and who should be involved in the process, from Ukraine to the Middle East.


Hands are shown opening up with white doves in them.
Hands are shown opening up with white doves in them.

Indonesian Muslim demonstrators let loose doves as a symbol of peace in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Feb. 7, 2003. Choo Youn-Kong/AFP

Morality Is the Enemy of Peace

The conflicts in Gaza and Ukraine can only end with deals that don’t satisfy anyone completely, FP’s Stephen M. Walt writes.


A story in the front page of a newspaper in Tehran covers the China-brokered deal between Iran and Saudi Arabia to restore ties on March 11, 2023.
A story in the front page of a newspaper in Tehran covers the China-brokered deal between Iran and Saudi Arabia to restore ties on March 11, 2023.

A story in the front page of a newspaper in Tehran covers the China-brokered deal between Iran and Saudi Arabia to restore ties on March 11, 2023. Atta Kenare/AFP via Getty Images

Democracies Aren’t the Peacemakers Anymore

How Washington can reclaim its diplomatic primacy in an authoritarian age, according to Chester Crocker.


Dozens of women, wearing a mix of Jewish and Muslim scarves on their heads and shoulders, stand on a hill overlooking the Old City of Jerusalem.
Dozens of women, wearing a mix of Jewish and Muslim scarves on their heads and shoulders, stand on a hill overlooking the Old City of Jerusalem.

Members of Women Wage Peace gather at the Jerusalem promenade overlooking the Old City on July 27, 2017, reciting a common secular prayer as they call on Israeli and Palestinian leaders to come together in dialogue.Gali Tibbon/AFP via Getty Images

Men Alone Cannot Build a Durable Peace in the Middle East

Israeli and Palestinian women’s organizations have a rich history of political engagement, Xanthe Scharff writes.


Aid parcels drift through the sky over the battered remains of densely packed urban buildings in the northern Gaza Strip. Each parcel is attached to a parachute, and they appear as small dots against a cloudy gray sky. A building in the foreground has a partially caved-in roof, and the window glass is blown out.
Aid parcels drift through the sky over the battered remains of densely packed urban buildings in the northern Gaza Strip. Each parcel is attached to a parachute, and they appear as small dots against a cloudy gray sky. A building in the foreground has a partially caved-in roof, and the window glass is blown out.

Aid parcels are airdropped amid Israel’s war in Gaza, seen over the northern Gaza Strip on March 8.Photo by AFP

A Path Toward Peace Requires More U.S. Engagement, Not Less

Two senators on why the United States remains an essential partner in both Ukraine and the Middle East.


A pedestrian walks by a burned car in front of McDonald's restaurant after unrest in downtown Belgrade on Feb. 22, 2008.
A pedestrian walks by a burned car in front of McDonald's restaurant after unrest in downtown Belgrade on Feb. 22, 2008.

A pedestrian walks by a burned car in front of McDonald’s restaurant after unrest in downtown Belgrade on Feb. 22, 2008. NEMANJA KOSTIC/AFP via Getty Images

The Beautiful, Dumb Dream of McDonald’s Peace Theory

In the rich, lazy, and happy 1990s, Americans imagined a world that could be just like them, Paul Musgrave writes.

Chloe Hadavas is a senior editor at Foreign Policy. Twitter: @Hadavas

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