"Bicarbonate" and "bisulfate", maybe; these are (in chemistry) older, discouraged (but still in somewhat common use, especially "bicarbonate") names for the hydrogencarbonate and hydrogensulfate anions, respectively. The "bi" originally came from the observation that a hydrogencarbonate or hydrogensulfate salt has twice as much carbonate or sulfate per cation than a plain carbonate or sulfate salt.
"Bisexual" is at least a partial example; its original, narrow definition was "one who is sexually attracted to both males and females", but it now also has a broader definition as "one who is sexually attracted to persons of any gender" (thus allowing for persons with gender other than male or female).