Free-form deformation

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In computer graphics, free-form deformation (FFD) is a geometric technique used to model simple deformations of rigid objects. It is based on the idea of enclosing an object within a cube or another hull object, and transforming the object within the hull as the hull is deformed. Deformation of the hull is based on the concept of so-called hyper-patches, which are three-dimensional analogs of parametric curves such as Bézier curves, B-splines, or NURBs. The technique was first described by Thomas W. Sederberg and Scott R. Parry in 1986,^[1] and is based on an earlier technique by Alan Barr.^[2] It was extended by Coquillart to a technique described as extended free-form deformation, which refines the hull object by introducing additional geometry or by using different hull objects such as cylinders and prisms.^[3]

Applications

Free-Form Deformation is used in computer graphics for solid geometric models. For example, the Lattice Modifier in Blender (software).
It is used in the image registration in both rigid and non-rigid transformation.^[4]

References

^ Sederberg, Thomas W.; Parry, Scott R. (1986). "Free-form deformation of solid geometric models". ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. Vol. 20. pp. 151–160. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.396.2148. doi:10.1145/15886.15903.
^ Barr, A. H. (July 1984). "Global and local deformations of solid primitives". Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. Vol. 18. pp. 21–30. doi:10.1145/800031.808573. ISBN 978-0897911382. S2CID 16162806.
^ Coquillart, S. (September 1990). "Extended free-form deformation: A sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modeling" (PDF). ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. Vol. 24. pp. 187–196. doi:10.1145/97880.97900.
^ Nonrigid Registration Using Free-Form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images archived: "Nonrigid Registration using Free-Form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images".

External links

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[1] Sederberg, Thomas W.; Parry, Scott R. (1986). "Free-form deformation of solid geometric models". ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. Vol. 20. pp. 151–160. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.396.2148. doi:10.1145/15886.15903.

[2] Barr, A. H. (July 1984). "Global and local deformations of solid primitives". Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. Vol. 18. pp. 21–30. doi:10.1145/800031.808573. ISBN 978-0897911382. S2CID 16162806.

[3] Coquillart, S. (September 1990). "Extended free-form deformation: A sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modeling" (PDF). ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. Vol. 24. pp. 187–196. doi:10.1145/97880.97900.

[4] Nonrigid Registration Using Free-Form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images archived: "Nonrigid Registration using Free-Form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images".

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