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In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated...

Energy is defined via work, so the SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments...

Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature...

In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves. The Love wave is a result of the interference...

In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to...

Atomic coherence is the induced coherence between levels of a multi-level atomic system. The internal state of an atom is characterized by a superposition...

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) is a sampling technique used in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy which enables samples to be examined directly...

The Cosmotron was a particle accelerator, specifically a proton synchrotron, at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Its construction was approved by the U...

Peter Adalbert Wolff (November 15, 1923 – September 5, 2013) was an American physicist who is considered a pioneer in semiconductor research. He earned...

In physics, particularly in renormalization theory, an accidental symmetry is a symmetry which is present in an effective field theory because the operators...

Christian Bordé (15 March 1943 - 30 August 2023) was a French physicist. He has been a member of the French Academy of Sciences since December 2008. Emeritus...