Content deleted Content added
Page contained a photo showing insertion of an oral pharyngeal airway, not a nasal pharyngeal airway #article-section-source-editor Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit |
Copyedit. Sp. Correct caps in publisher name. |
||
Line 11:
}}
In [[medicine]], a '''nasopharyngeal airway''', also known as an '''NPA''', '''nasal trumpet''' (because of its flared end), or '''nose hose''', is a type of ''airway adjunct'', a tube that is designed to be inserted through the nasal passage down into the [[Upper airway|posterior pharynx]] to secure an open [[airway]]. It was introduced by {{ILL|Hans Karl Wendl|de}} in 1958.<ref>Wendl H K. The story of the Wendl tube and its use. In: Schulte am Esch J, Goerig M (eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the History of Anaesthesia. DrägerDruck, Lübeck, 1998, S. 531–534</ref> When a patient becomes unconscious, the muscles in the jaw commonly relax and can allow the tongue to slide back and obstruct the airway.<ref name="Sills2015">{{cite book|author=James R. Sills|title=The Comprehensive Respiratory Therapist Exam Review – E-Book: Entry and Advanced Levels|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSxTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA336|date=16 March 2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-24188-5|pages=336–}}</ref> This makes [[airway management]] necessary, and an NPA is one of the available tools. The purpose of the flared end is to prevent the device from becoming lost inside the patient's nose.{{cn|date=February 2022}}
== Sizes ==
As with other catheters, NPAs are measured using the [[French catheter scale]], but sizes are usually also quoted in millimeters.<ref name="(AAOS)Caroline2017">{{cite book|author1=American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)|author2=Nancy L. Caroline|title=Nancy Caroline's Emergency Care in the Streets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqEuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA801|date=15 August 2017|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-10488-2|pages=801–}}</ref><ref name="SandersLewis2012">{{cite book|author1=Mick J. Sanders|author2=Lawrence M. Lewis|author3=Kim D. McKenna|author4=Gary Quick|title=Mosby's Paramedic Textbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJyhIH8N8qgC&pg=PA436|year=2012|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-0-323-07275-5|pages=436–}}</ref> Typical sizes include: 6.5 mm/28FR, 7.0 mm/30FR, 7.5 mm/32FR, 8.0 mm/34FR, and 8.5 mm/36FR.<ref name="SmithSmith2006" />
== Indications and Contraindications ==
These devices are used by emergency care professionals such as EMTs and paramedics in situations where an artificial form of airway maintenance is necessary, but [[tracheal intubation]] is impossible, inadvisable, or outside the practitioner's [[scope of practice]]. An NPA is often used in patients who are conscious or have an altered level of consciousness<ref>{{Citation |last1=Atanelov |first1=Zaza |title=Nasopharyngeal Airway |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513220/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30020592 |access-date=2022-09-14 |last2=Aina |first2=Titilopemi |last3=Amin |first3=Bhavesh |last4=Rebstock |first4=Sarah E.}}</ref> where an [[oropharyngeal airway]] would trigger the gag reflex.<ref name="ELSEVIER2012">{{cite book|author=
▲These devices are used by emergency care professionals such as EMTs and paramedics in situations where an artificial form of airway maintenance is necessary, but [[tracheal intubation]] is impossible, inadvisable, or outside the practitioner's [[scope of practice]]. An NPA is often used in patients who are conscious or have an altered level of consciousness<ref>{{Citation |last1=Atanelov |first1=Zaza |title=Nasopharyngeal Airway |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513220/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30020592 |access-date=2022-09-14 |last2=Aina |first2=Titilopemi |last3=Amin |first3=Bhavesh |last4=Rebstock |first4=Sarah E.}}</ref> where an [[oropharyngeal airway]] would trigger the gag reflex.<ref name="ELSEVIER2012">{{cite book|author=CHURCHIL LIVINGSTONE ELSEVIER|title=Textbook of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, 2nd Ed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6xWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA476|date=23 April 2012|publisher=Bukupedia|isbn=978-0-7020-3368-1|pages=476–}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ThomasRichards2015">{{cite book|author1=Rachel K. Thomas|author2=Elize Richards|author3=Cathy Taylor|title=Practical Medical Procedures at a Glance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZmLBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA59|date=27 April 2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-63285-7|pages=59–}}</ref> The use of an NPA is contraindicated when there is trauma to the face, especially the nose or if there is a suspected skull fracture.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Atanelov |first1=Zaza |title=Nasopharyngeal Airway |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513220/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30020592 |access-date=2022-09-14 |last2=Aina |first2=Titilopemi |last3=Amin |first3=Bhavesh |last4=Rebstock |first4=Sarah E.}}</ref>
== Insertion ==
Line 27:
{{Emergency medicine}}
{{First aid topics}}
[[Category:Airway management]]
| |||