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May 31 at 0:32 comment added vir True true but the designer would need to make that choice intentionally and with an understanding of what types of transients are blocked vs which ones are still an issue. It's the optos put in "just in case" that usually don't have a thorough analysis of failure modes or expected transients.
May 30 at 21:45 vote accept Chuu
May 30 at 7:43 comment added 比尔盖子 Sure, optocouplers have no galvanic isolation in common-ground configuration, making the design questionable. But I don't believe it's entirely useless, it's still doing something. It may still protect the GPIO port from a positive transient by greatly reducing its energy via high impedance - and keeping ground impedance low is necessary in all clamping circuits anyway. So one can say it's acting as a (wasteful equivalent of) a Zener/TVS diode - with the (questionable) "benefit" that one doesn't need to bother sizing the diode correctly according to surge energy when the voltage is low.
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