Abstract
Glutamine, a multifunctional amino acid, functions in nutrient metabolism, energy balance, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Lipid is an important nutrient and controls a broad range of physiological processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that glutamine can affect lipolysis and lipogenesis, but the effect of glutamine on the detailed lipid metabolism remains incompletely understood. Here, we applied the quantitative proteomics approach to estimate the relative abundance of proteins in HepG2 cells treated by glutamine deprivation. The results showed that there were 212 differentially abundant proteins in response to glutamine deprivation, including 150 significantly increased proteins and 62 significantly decreased proteins. Interestingly, functional classification showed that 43 differentially abundant proteins were related to lipid metabolism. Further bioinformatics analysis and western blotting validation revealed that lipid accumulation may be affected by β-oxidation of fatty acid induced by glutamine deprivation in HepG2 cells. Together, our results may provide the potential for regulating lipid metabolism by glutamine in animal production and human nutrition. The MS data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifier PXD003387.
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Abbreviations
- iTRAQ:
-
Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification
- FFAs:
-
Free fatty acids
- TGs:
-
Triglycerides
- LDs:
-
Lipid droplets
- LC–MS/MS:
-
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- IPA:
-
Ingenuity pathway analysis
- ACSL1:
-
Long-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA ligase 1
- ACOX1:
-
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1
- ACADS:
-
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- ACAA1:
-
3-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
- ADH1C:
-
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C
- ALDH8A1:
-
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 8 member A1
- ALDH2:
-
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
- DECR1:
-
2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase
- TYSND1:
-
Peroxisomal leader peptide-processing protease
- CES1:
-
Liver carboxylesterase 1
- NP2:
-
Niemann-Pick disease, type C2
- SCP2:
-
Sterol carrier protein 2
- DHCR24:
-
Delta(24)-sterol reductase
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Acknowledgments
We thank all Yan laboratory members and Professor Guoquan Liu for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. Projects supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2013CB127305), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31322053 and 31172290), the Hubei Province Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 2012FFA015), Wuhan City Youth Science dawn project (No. 2013070104010018) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2013PY056 and 2013JQ001).
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Handling Editor: P. R. Jungblut.
B. Long and R. Muhamad contributed equally to the present study.
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Long, B., Muhamad, R., Yan, G. et al. Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals glutamine deprivation activates fatty acid β-oxidation pathway in HepG2 cells. Amino Acids 48, 1297–1307 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2182-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2182-7