Jelly, 55 4 bytes
DŒṖḌQŒṖḌQ
-1 byte thanks to Jonathan Allan
How it works
DŒṖḌQŒṖḌQ - Main link. Takes an integer as argument (e.g. n = 42690)
D - Convert to digits [4, 2, 6, 9, 0]
ŒṖ - Get all partitions . Automatically cast to digits [[4, 2, 6, 9, 0], [4, 2, 6, [9, 0]], [4, 2, [6, 9], 0], [4, 2, [6, 9, 0]], [4, [2, 6], 9, 0], [4, [2, 6], [9, 0]], [4, [2, 6, 9], 0], [4, [2, 6, 9, 0]], [[4, 2], 6, 9, 0], [[4, 2], 6, [9, 0]], [[4, 2], [6, 9], 0], [[4, 2], [6, 9, 0]], [[4, 2, 6], 9, 0], [[4, 2, 6], [9, 0]], [[4, 2, 6, 9], 0], [4, 2, 6, 9, 0]]
Ḍ - Convert each list back to digits [[4, 2, 6, 9, 0], [4, 2, 6, 90], [4, 2, 69, 0], [4, 2, 690], [4, 26, 9, 0], [4, 26, 90], [4, 269, 0], [4, 2690], [42, 6, 9, 0], [42, 6, 90], [42, 69, 0], [42, 690], [426, 9, 0], [426, 90], [4269, 0], 42690]
Q - Remove duplicates [[4, 2, 6, 9, 0], [4, 2, 6, 90], [4, 2, 69, 0], [4, 2, 690], [4, 26, 9, 0], [4, 26, 90], [4, 269, 0], [4, 2690], [42, 6, 9, 0], [42, 6, 90], [42, 69, 0], [42, 690], [426, 9, 0], [426, 90], [4269, 0], 42690]
- Implicit output