Without significant mixing, diffusion takes a long time to mix gases. Our understanding of entropy tells us that we will indeed finish with mixed layers, but that doesn't give us a time frame for that mixing, only an outcome.

Given a slow but steady production of a dense gas, layers absolutely will form due to density differences. There are plenty of places where this can easily be seen, from your WWI example to the ability to pour carbon dioxide or hexane vapor into a container. They're not stable over the long term, but they do exist for substantial periods of time, days in some cases.

If confined by an open container, huge areas can experience this effect, as at Lake Nyos. Heck, even small temperature based density differences drive atmospheric layering that has major impacts on weather and pollution.

It's not an enormous effect, but you may be underestimating the strength of the forces involved here. The same pressure differential that forces a helium balloon upward acts on an open volume of helium as well, and more strongly due to the missing mass of the balloon. A body of gas like $\ce{NO3}$ has more force pushing it downward (in air) than an equal volume of helium has pushing it upward. Without outside mixing to cause it to disperse, it will happily form a short term layer until diffusion carries it away.

Without significant mixing, diffusion takes a long time to mix gases. Our understanding of entropy tells us that we will indeed finish with mixed layers, but that doesn't give us a time frame for that mixing, only an outcome.

Given a slow but steady production of a dense gas, layers absolutely will form due to density differences. There are plenty of places where this can easily be seen, from your WWI example to the ability to pour carbon dioxide or hexane vapor into a container. They're not stable over the long term, but they do exist for substantial periods of time, days in some cases.

If confined by an open container, huge areas can experience this effect, as at Lake Nyos. Heck, even small temperature based density differences drive atmospheric layering that has major impacts on weather and pollution.

It's not an enormous effect, but you may be underestimating the strength of the forces involved here. The same pressure differential that forces a helium balloon upward acts on an open volume of helium as well, and more strongly due to the missing mass of the balloon. A body of a gas like $\ce{NO2}$ has about as much force pushing it downward (in air) than an equal volume of helium has pushing it upward. Without outside mixing to cause it to disperse, it will happily form a short term layer until diffusion carries it away.