HydrogenA hydrogen bond is anis a special case of a dipole-dipole interaction. The interaction is between a hydrogen atom, bound covalently to more electronegative atom, and another electronegative atom possessing a lone pair of electrons.
Hydrogen bonds can be intermolecular or, which it uses to provide certain covalent component tofor molecules with sufficient size, intramolecular. The molecule or part of a molecule with the bondbound hydrogen is called the donor, and the atom with the lone pair is called the acceptor.
Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds, and they form and break more easily. Like covalent bonds, they are directional, i.e. prefer a certain geometry of donor and acceptor. Networks of hydrogen bonds explain why water, which has two donors and two acceptors per molecule, is a liquid under ambient conditions.
