Many of the components of gasoline (petrol) have notable odours

A simple starting point for understanding the odour of gasoline is the typical composition of the product. That composition varies a lot and always has done as different refineries use different processing techniques and different crude oil sources have different components to start with. And regulators have changed the rules over time (for example to reduce the amount of benzene, a carcinogen). All that matters, in practice, is the octane rating which is what engines care about and this is achievable in a variety of ways by varying the composition and the additives that modify the combustion characteristics.

This (old) paper gives a crude overview of a typical composition.

The typical composition of gasoline hydrocarbons (% volume) is as follows: 4-8% alkanes; 2-5% alkenes; 25-40% isoalkanes; 3-7% cycloalkanes; l-4% cycloalkenes; and 20-50% total aromatics (0.5-2.5% benzene).

Modern blends will now have far less benzene (but will still have a lot of other aromatics). Without getting too specific on the individual chemicals we can already tell some of the sources of the distinctive odour of the mixture. It is pretty meaningless to try to pin it to a single component.

Aromatics as a class are actually named because of their distinctive smell. even if we substitute other aromatics like toluene or xylene for the benzene, there will be a distinctive "aromatic" component in the product. But plenty of the other hydrocarbons also have notable odours. Cycloakenes (maybe 7% of the mixture) often have sharp smells (cycopentene is even said to have "a petrol-like odour"). Even linear and branched alkanes have some smell (though it is far less intense than the unsaturated components of gasoline).

In short, trying to pin down the typical smell of gasoline to a single compound is a little silly when there are often scores of components with well-known and strong odours and the specific composition varies a lot. aromatics are a big part with other unsaturated compounds providing some other odiferous components with a smaller but notable contribution even from unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Many of the components of gasoline (petrol) have notable odours

A simple starting point for understanding the odour of gasoline is the typical composition of the product. That composition varies a lot and always has done as different refineries use different processing techniques and different crude oil sources have different components to start with. And regulators have changed the rules over time (for example to reduce the amount of benzene, a carcinogen). All that matters, in practice, is the octane rating which is what engines care about and this is achievable in a variety of ways by varying the composition and the additives that modify the combustion characteristics.

This (old) paper gives a crude overview of a typical composition.

The typical composition of gasoline hydrocarbons (% volume) is as follows: 4-8% alkanes; 2-5% alkenes; 25-40% isoalkanes; 3-7% cycloalkanes; l-4% cycloalkenes; and 20-50% total aromatics (0.5-2.5% benzene).

Modern blends will now have far less benzene (but will still have a lot of other aromatics). Without getting too specific on the individual chemicals we can already tell some of the sources of the distinctive odour of the mixture. It is pretty meaningless to try to pin it to a single component.

Aromatics as a class are actually named because of their distinctive smell. even if we substitute other aromatics like toluene or xylene for the benzene, there will be a distinctive "aromatic" component in the product. But plenty of the other hydrocarbons also have notable odours. Cycloakenes (maybe 7% of the mixture) often have sharp smells (cycopentene is even said to have "a petrol-like odour"). Even linear and branched alkanes have some smell (though it is far less intense than the unsaturated components of gasoline).

In short, trying to pin down the typical smell of gasoline to a single compound is a little silly when there are often scores of components with well-known and strong odours and the specific composition varies a lot. aromatics are a big part with other unsaturated compounds providing some other odiferous components with a smaller but notable contribution even from unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Also, gasoline is not "odourised" as it doesn't need to be. But it sometimes has specific ingredients added to make tracing the source easier. But this is done with complex instrumentation not the human nose.